Management practice

Recycling of wastes is the preferable waste management method after source reduction opportunities have been exhausted. Recycling can be performed within the process itself, within the plant, or off-site, and can involve reuse of the entire waste stream, or recovery of a part of it. Recovery of the stream s metal content can be achieved through operations such as electrolytic recovery, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange. 

Waste streams that cannot be further reduced at the source or recycled must be treated in a manner that reduces their toxicity and/or quantity. Of special importance are treatment methods for process solutions that keep sludge generation to a minimum. 

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Chemical Manufacturers Association, Improving Air Quality Guidance for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from Equipment, 2nd ed., CMA, Washington, D.C., 1989. Chemical Manufacturers Association, Responsible Care, Employee Health and Safety Code of Management Practices, CMA, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

One of the six elements of Responsible Care is the Codes of Management Practice, and one of the codes is the Process Safety Code of Management Practices (34). This code emphasi2es management commitment and accountabiUty, information sharing, and community relations, but also includes 11 of the 14 specific elements of the legislated process safety management standards developed later. 

Management Practices—U.S. Companies Improve Peformance Through Quality Efforts, United States General Accounting Office Report to the Honorable D. Ritter, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., May 1991, p. 2. 

R. Arner, Used OilRey cling Markets and Best Management Practices in the U.S., North Virginia Planning District Commission, Annandale, Va., Oct. 1992. 

Animals exposed to sunlight for extended lengths of time do not require substantial dietary vitamin D. Current livestock management practices place an emphasis on high productivity, and most feed manufacturers recommend vitamin D supplementation of diets. Recommendations for practical levels of vitamin D in feeds for various animals, as recommended by feed manufacturers, are listed in Table 10. 

Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiHty Act (CERCLA)/RCRA regulations in effect at the end of 1986 bromine is regulated as a hazardous waste or material. Therefore, it must be disposed of in an approved hazardous waste faciHty in compliance with EPA and/or other appHcable local, state, and federal regulations and should be handled in a manner acceptable to good waste management practice. The reportable quantity is 45.4 kg for corrosivity (62). 

Good management practice will hold inventories at the lowest possible levels consistent with customer satisfaction and efficient plant operation. Excessive inventories are unproductive and are an investment having httle or no rate of return. Excessive inventories should be maintained only when supphes are erratic or rising in price. Management should normally aim for a high inventoiy-turnover ratio, as given by ... 

Similarly good management practice is to hold accounts receivable at a low level and to have a high accounts-receivable-turnover ratio, as given by... 

The application of waste-management practices in the United States has recently moved toward securing a new pollution prevention ethic. The performance of pollution prevention assessments and their subsequent implementation will encourage increased activity into methods that 1 further aid in the reduction of hazardous wastes. One of the most important and propitious consequences of the pollution-prevention movement will be the development of life-cycle design and standardized hfe-cycle cost-accounting procedures. These two consequences are briefly discussed in the two paragraphs that follow. Additional information is provided in a later subsection. 

Reduced wa.ste-treatment co.sts. As discussed in reason no. 5 of the dirty dozen, the increasing costs of traditional end-of-pipe waste-management practices are avoided or reduced through the implementation of pollution-prevention programs. 

CMA 1990. A Resource Guide for Implementing the Process Safety Code of Management Practices. Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC. 

Uncertain wear and tear on equipment by unfamiliar materials or processing techniques Uncertain management practices by the toller... 

Does the Toller use a primary ozone depleting compound (ODC, for example, a CFC or 1,1,1, -trichloroethane) m their process Are ODC management practices followed (for example no uncontrolled releases of ODCs, installation of capture and recycle equipment, leak detection and repair, use of well trained personnel) ... 

Product stewardship The management practice supporting a philosophy of service to customers and minimizing effects on health and the environment throughout the complete life cycle of a product. 

Table 16.7 Waste minimization in the hierarchy of waste management practices...

Cheremismoff, P.N., and Graffia, M. (1995) Safety Management Practices for Hazardous Materials, Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Measures such as improved process design, operation, maintenance, housekeeping, and other management practices can reduce emissions. By improving combustion efficiency, the amount of products of incomplete combustion (PlCs), a component of particulate matter, can be significantly reduced. Proper fuel-firing practices and... 

All pollution prevention programs start the same - with an audit. The objective of an audit is to gather information aimed at developing a baseline description of the operations. Once we understand how much the costs of compliance to air and other pollution media are, then we can apply engineering tools and management practices to reduce these costs. 

Favorable operational economics and good management practices require high levels of control of the ozonation system. Depending on the specific process of ozone applications, plant size, and design philosophy, the control system may be simple or complex. The trend in Europe is toward highly sophisticated and centralized control. 

Management practices that apply to land applied biosolids (other than "exceptional quality" biosolids products) include ... 

DEC Devision of Solid Waste.Municiple Sewage Sludge Management Practices in New York State, April 1989. 

Significant experiences (both positive and negative) documented or communicated so that potentially affected operations could make changes to management practices or the conduct of operations, eliminating the hazard or helping with control of the hazard... 

Although waste minimization is not specifically addressed in the HAZ-WOPER standard, it does represent a management practice that supports worker and equipment decontamination. Waste minimization practices help to protect the environment and decrease project costs... 

Until ISO 9000 emerged in 1987, the automotive industry used a variety of customer-specific standards to govern a supplier s quality management practices. 

Safety and environmental policies need to be established and approved by executive management. Practices for implementing the policy need to be established, documented, implemented, and evaluated for continued suitability and effectiveness. These practices have to be planned, organized, and controlled so that they achieve their purpose. 

Some of the topics your safety and environmental management practices should address are as follows ... 

Estahlishing and pnhlishing the latest scientific, engineering, and management practices for prevention and mitigation of incidents involving toxic, flammable, and/or reactive material... 

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