Engineering tools

DENDRAL proved to be fundamentally important in demonstrating how rule-based reasoning could be developed into powerful knowledge-engineering tools [93]. 

Having previously introduced the key methods to determine the important variables with respect to stress and strength distributions, the most acceptable way to predict mechanical component reliability is by applying SSI theory (Dhillon, 1980). SSI analysis is one of the oldest methods to assess structural reliability, and is the most commonly used method because of its simplicity, ease and economy (Murty and Naikan, 1997 Sundararajan and Witt, 1995). It is a practical engineering tool used for quantitatively predicting the reliability of mechanical components subjected to mechanical loading (Sadlon, 1993) and has been described as a simulative model of failure (Dasgupta and Pecht, 1991). 

Dallas, D. B. (ed.) 1976 Society of Manufacturing Engineers - Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook, 3rd Edition. NY McGraw-Hill. 

All pollution prevention programs start the same - with an audit. The objective of an audit is to gather information aimed at developing a baseline description of the operations. Once we understand how much the costs of compliance to air and other pollution media are, then we can apply engineering tools and management practices to reduce these costs. 

An important engineering tool needed to implement Phase II is stoichiometry. Stoichiometry refers to the methods of material balances, which are defmed as precise accounts of the inputs and outputs of an operation. 

Fleger, S. A., Fermenter, K. E., Malone, T. B., Carlow Associates Inc. (1988), Advanced Human Factors Engineering Tool Technologies, Technical Memorandum 2-88, U. S. Army Engineering Laboratory... 

Value engineering tools, which must be developed in order to reduce costs and footprints... 

More companies are incorporating life-cycle costs and life-cycle assessment into their operations. The U.S. Air Force has developed a computer-aided software-engineering tool, for defining the complex sets of interacting activities in the life cycle of an aircraft. 

This chapter is concerned with the design and improvement of chemically-active ship bottom paints known as antifouling paints. The aims have been to illustrate the challenges involved in working with such multi-component, functional products and to show which scientific and engineering tools are available. The research in this field includes both purely empirical formulation and test methods and advanced tools including mathematical modelling of paint behaviour. 

The procedure has been tested primarily on realistic distillation column models. This choice was deliberate because most industrial processes have similar gain, deadtime, and lag transfer functions. Undoubtedly some pathological transfer functions can be found that the procedure cannot handle. But we are interested in a practical engineering tool, not elegant, rigorous all-inclusive mathematical theorems. 

Jones, W.W., Eorney, G.P., Peacock, R.D., and Reneke, P.A. 2000. A Technical Reference for CTAST An Engineering Tool for Estimating Fire and Smoke Transport. Technical Note 1431. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. 

The disciplines of engineering and quality control have long recognized the principles of root cause analysis. Some process safety tools for root cause analysis have been borrowed from these disciplines. For example, fault tree analysis was developed as an engineering tool, but its logic tree structure has been adapted to meet process safety requirements. 

Given the massive collection of genetically engineered tool mice which express Cre, CreERT2, or rtTA ubiquitously or in a tissue-specific fashion (for a complete list, see www.creline.org, www.nagy.mshri.on.ca/cre) (33), it is nowadays possible to control the expression of a gene in almost any tissue of choice and at any desired time point. 

Pordal HS, Matice CJ, Fry TJ. The role of computational fluid dynamics in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharm Technol 2002 26 (2) 72, 74,76, 78, 79. Kukura J, Arratia PE, Szalai ES, Muzzio FJ. Engineering tools for understanding the hydrodynamics of dissolution tests. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2003 29(2) 231-239. 

A text editor is also included and is an invaluable tool for viewing the generated output text files of SPICE, as well as investigating syntax errors and other subtleties of the SPICE programming language. The text output of SPICE is in an excellent format for exporting to other useful engineering tools such as Excel or MathCAD. 

Materials scientists and chemists alone cannot direct new technologies to commercially viable applications. Process and hardware engineers, tool manufacturers, and device designers need to be an... 

Finally, the formation of artificial small inverted domain was reported to demonstrate that sndm system is very useful as a nano-domain engineering tool. The nano-size domain dots were successfully formed in LiTa03 single crystal. This means that we can obtain a very high density ferroelectric data storage with the density above 1 Tbits/inch2. 

Therefore, we have concluded that the sndm is very useful for observing ferroelectric nano domain and local crystal anisotropy of dielectric material with sub-nano meter resolution and also has a quite high potential as a nano-domain engineering tool. 

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