Extended length

The fully extended molecular length is not representative of the spatial extension that a molecule actually displays. The latter is sensitive to environmental factors, however, so the extended length is convenient for our present purposes to provide an idea of the spatial size of polymer molecules. 

Since the monomers are specified to be vinyl monomers, each contributes two carbon atoms to the polymer backbone, with the associated extended length of 0.252 nm per repeat unit. Therefore the total extended length of the empirical formula unit is... 

Animals exposed to sunlight for extended lengths of time do not require substantial dietary vitamin D. Current livestock management practices place an emphasis on high productivity, and most feed manufacturers recommend vitamin D supplementation of diets. Recommendations for practical levels of vitamin D in feeds for various animals, as recommended by feed manufacturers, are listed in Table 10. 

With hot water units, time clock control can operate satisfactorily as automatic bypass valves built into the distribution system will help the heater to achieve its working temperature quickly. With steam boilers, it is important that the boiler reaches a reasonable working pressure before steam is allowed into the distribution system. For example, if boilers are left open to a system for an extended length of time while not firing they will quickly lose their pressure. This is not only wasteful of energy but eventually creates a problem on start-up. To... 

Vertical FT boilers may employ an automatic TDS-controlled BD system, utilizing an extended length electrode (to reach the BW) inserted through the top of the boiler. 

Thus the fully extended length of the equivalent chain will be set equal to that of the real chain with all valence angle B and ) restrictions removed. Then n and V (and therefore m) for the equivalent chain are completely defined by... 

This device is based on multiple parallel bi-lamination using bifurcation cascade for generating multiple thin fluid olamellae [25]. The first feed stream is split into multiple sub-streams via a bifurcation cascade in a similar way this is done for the second feed stream in another level. The corresponding sub-streams enter via nozzles into the first level. Here, the end of the channels of the bifurcation cascade and the nozzles lie next to each other. Thereby, bi-laminated sub-streams are formed and enter many parallel channels of an inverse-bifurcation cascade. These are recombined to multilayered stream in one main channel which has a serpentine shape, i.e. comprises extended length. 

Any extended release preparation ° CR—controlled-release ° EC—enteric coated ° LA—long-acting ° SR—sustained release 0 TR—time release ° SA—sustained action ° SL—sublingual ° XL—extended length ° XR—extended release... 

Elderly patients after admission to a hospital often first show mental signs and symptoms, then show behavioural disturbances (Saravay et al. 2004). Thus if early mental signs and symptoms are identified and acted on, behavioural disturbances and subsequent extended length of hospital stay may be prevented. For cognitive testing many screening instruments are available. The most widely used is probably Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). 

When an exogenous activation system is employed, short treatments (about 2 h) are usually necessary because S9 mix is often cytotoxic when used for extended lengths of time. However, cells may be treated with chemicals either continuously up to harvest time or for a short time followed by washing and addition of fresh medium to allow cell cycle progression. Continuous treatment avoids centrifugation steps... 

As determined from X-ray diffraction measurements, the unit cell of crystalline PET is triclinic with a repeat distance of 1.075 nm along the major axis [5, 6], This corresponds to >98 % of the theoretical extended length of the monomer repeat unit [6], There is very little molecular extensibility remaining in a PET crystal, resulting not only in a high modulus but also a relatively short extension range over which the crystal can be extended and still recover elastically. The density of the crystalline structure is 1.45 g/ml, or about 9% higher than the amorphous structure [3],... 

Phases of extended length (C30) have been utilized for the separation of larger-size constrained solutes, such as carotenoids and steroids [27-29,93,106,107]. Apractical limit of alkyl chain length of C34 to C36 is imposed by the commonly employed silan-ization chemistry techniques [106]. Immobilization of longer alkyl stationary phases has been achieved through the use of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) materials for use in carotenoid separations [27,28,93]. Rimmer et al. [28] have recently compared the selectivity of both alkyl and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) stationary phases on the basis of separations of carotenoids in food matrices (Figure 5.12), in addition to mixtures of tocopherols and PAHs. 

Bell, C.M., Sander, L.C., Fetzer, J.C., and Wise, S.A., Synthesis and characterization of extended length aUcyl stationary phases for liquid chromatography with application to the separation of carotenoid isomers, J. Chromatogr. A, 753, 37, 1996. 

Figure 1. Hierarchical structure of eukaryotic DNA. Each DNA molecule is packed into a mitotic chromosome that is 1/50,000 shorter than its extended length. (Adapted with permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd. [25], copyright 2003).

A similar analysis was conducted by Fujimura et al. on cesium-neutralized Nafion with orientations up to Ab = 1.5 (where Ab is the ratio of the final extended length to the initial undrawn length). Over a range of orientations, the ionomer peak was observed to shift to lower angles and decrease in intensity in the meridional (draw) direction, while a shift to higher angles and an increase in intensity... 

A, B rigid, limited length C, D articulated, extended length... 

Shim, Y., Amar, J.G., Uberuaga, B.P., Voter, A.F. Reaching extended length scales and time scales in atomistic simulations via spatially parallel temperature-accelerated dynamics. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 76, 205439-1-11. 

The ab initio model potential for Age was used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the thermal behavior of different isomers of Age in our studies The advantages of using such kind of potential in MD simulation studies are related to the reliability of the quantitative predictions obtained, due to the use of an accurate model potential at the electron correlation level and to the extended length of the simulation time (comparing with other ab initio MD approaches) during which a good statistics is collected. 

L, Extended length of inlet nozzle (horizontal drum)... 

For geometrical estimation, assume Dj (drum di v) = /, + ,+/, (/, = liquid level in drum /.,=extended length ofinlei nozzle anti /.,=required separation height, measured fiom extended lip of inlet noz.2lc to liquid surface). The vapor llow area hecoincs ... 

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