Dermatitis seborrheic

The conditions whereby dandmff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis dmg products are generally recognized as safe and effective and are not misbranded is available (70). Specific active iagredients that can be used as well as the statement of identity, iadications for use, and required warnings, are identified. Products that do not meet all of these requirements are considered new dmgs and must have an approved NDA for the nonmonograph conditions. 

Medicine and Nutrition. A stabilized buffered suspension of selenium sulfide has been marketed for many years as Selsun Blue (Abbott Laboratories) for control of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. A similar sulfur or selenium sulfide shampoo containing a metallic cation complex has been prepared (122). Topical appHcation of selenium sulfide controls dermatitis, pmritis, and mange iu dogs (see Cosmetics Veterinarydrugs). 

Another compound, the antimicrobial action of which is associated with chelation, is 2-pyridinethiol-A/-oxide [3811-73-2] (Omadine). Activity has been shown to depend on coordinating property. The iron chelate is active, but not the free pyridine compound (200). In the form of its zinc chelate it is found in shampoos to control seborrheic dermatitis (201). Other appHcations of this useful chemical include preservation of adhesives, plastics, latex paints, polyurethane foam, and metal working fluids (202). 

Pemphigus, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), exfoliative dermatitis, mycosis fungoides, severe psoriasis, severe seborrheic dermatitis, angioedema, urticaria, various skin disorders, such as lichen planus or keloids... 

Br Riboflavin Coenzyme in oxidation and reduction reactions prosthetic group of flavoproteins Lesions of corner of mouth, lips, and tongue seborrheic dermatitis... 

Although riboflavin is fundamentally involved in metabolism, and deficiencies are found in most countries, it is not fatal as there is very efficient conservation of tissue riboflavin. Riboflavin deficiency is characterized by cheilosis, lingual desquamation and a seborrheic dermatitis. Riboflavin nutritional status is assessed by measurement of the activation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase by FAD added in vitro. 

The word dermatitis denotes an inflammatory erythematous rash. The disorders discussed in this chapter include contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, diaper dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis. Drug-induced skin disorders have been associated with most commonly used medications and may present as maculopapular eruptions, fixed-drug eruptions, and photosensitivity reactions. 

Seborrheic dermatitis typically occurs around the areas of skin rich in sebaceous follicles (e.g., the face, ears, scalp, and upper trunk). In infants with involvement ofthe scalp, the condition is commonly referred to as cradle cap. Diaper dermatitis results in erythematous patches, skin erosions, vesicles, and ulcerations. Although commonly seen in infants, it can occur in adults who wear diapers for incontinence. 

Therapeutic goals for seborrheic dermatitis are to loosen and remove scales, prevent yeast colonization, control secondary infections, and reduce itching and erythema. 

The physiologic sequelae of biotin deficiency are almost unexplored. Severe skin lesions, especially seborrheic dermatitis and Leiner s disease (Erythroderma desquamativum or exfoliative dermatitis), were increased in young infants bom of mothers on a restricted diet low in eggs, livers, and other biotin-rich foods. After biotin administration the lesions healed. There are claims that excess biotin produces a fatty liver characterized by heightened cholesterol content. Choline has no effect in the prevention of biotin-fatty livers (G2, M2). In mice with transplanted tumors, both the tumors and the blood levels of biotin are below normal (R8). More recent studies established a protection with avidin, the biotin-binding fraction of egg white, against tumor formation (K4). More data along these lines are still needed for confirmation. 

Dermatologic lesions 40 to 120 mg IM weekly for 1 to 4 weeks. In severe dermatitis, relief may result within 8 to 12 hours of a single dose of 80 to 120 mg IM. In chronic contact dermatitis, repeated injections every 5 to 10 days may be necessary. In seborrheic dermatitis, a weekly dose of 80 mg IM may be adequate. 

Alternative/Adjunctive treatment Psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, severe diaper rash, dishidrosis, nodular prurigo, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata, lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, mycosis fungoides, and familial benign pemphigus of Hailey-Hailey. 

Nonprescription hydrocortisone preparations Temporary relief of itching associated with minor skin irritations, inflammation, and rashes caused by eczema, insect bites, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, soaps, detergents, cosmetics, jewelry, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and external genital and anal itching. 

Many effective topical agents are available both with and without a prescription for treating cutaneous dermatophyte infections and seborrheic dermatitis (Table 41.3) the azole drugs are also active against superficial candidal infections. 

Selenium sulfide is a cytostatic and sporicidal agent available without prescription in a variety of shampoos and lotions for treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis. Higher concentrations are available by prescription for the treatment of pityriasis versicolor, which is caused by the yeast M. furfur, and tinea capitis. 

Riboflavin vitamin Bf) deficiency results in local seborrheic dermatitis that may be limited to the face and scrotum. Other symptoms of ariboflavinosis include angular stomatitis, cheilitis, and glossitis. Specific ocular... 

Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dermatitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, eczema, exfoliative dermatitis, granuloma annulare, lichen planus, lichen simplex, polymorphous light eruption, pruritus, psoriasis, Rhus dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis ... 

Mechanism of Action An antifungal that reduces scaling of the epidermis by slowing down mitotic activity Therapeutic Effect Reduces the excess scaling in patients with dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis. 

Dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis Shampoo affected area twice weekly. 

Seborrheic dermatitis Shampoo Apply to affected scalp areas 2 times a day, in the morning and evening for 4 wk. 

Histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, systemic candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, chromomycosis, seborrheic dermatitis,... 

Dandruff, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis Topical Apply cream, ointment, or shampoo 3-4 times/day. 

Treatment of corneal ulcers, conjunctivitis and other superficial infections of the eye, pro-phylaxis after injuries to the eye/removal of foreign bodies, adjunctive therapy for trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis Ophthalmic Solution l-Sdropstolowerconjunc-tival sac q2-3h. Seborrheic dermatitis, seborrheic sicca (dandruff), secondary bacterial skin infections Topical Ointment Apply small amount in lower conjunctival sac 1 -4 times/day and at bedtime. 

These agents are effective in seborrheic dermatitis which is characterized by erythematous scaling lesions. 

These are the agents which can be used in various skin disorders e.g., atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and certain types of psoriasis and other related disorders. 

Topical and shampoo forms of ketoconazole are also available and useful in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor. Several other azoles are available for topical use (see Preparations Available). 

Once- or twice-daily application to the affected area will generally result in clearing of superficial dermatophyte infections in 2-3 weeks, although the medication should be continued until eradication of the organism is confirmed. Paronychial and intertriginous candidiasis can be treated effectively by any of these agents when applied three or four times daily. Seborrheic dermatitis should be treated with twice-daily applications of ketoconazole until clinical clearing is obtained. 

Table 61-3 lists topical formulations for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. These are of variable efficacy and may necessitate concomitant treatment with topical corticosteroids for severe cases. 

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