Lymphatic

The fats are essential constituents of the food of animals, although conversion of carbohydrates to fats in the animal body does occur. They are partially absorbed from the gut as fats to the lymphatic system and par-... 

Synthesis. Histamine [51-45-6] 2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylarnine (1) is formed by decarboxylation of histidine by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase (Fig. 1). Most histamine is stored preformed in cytoplasmic granules of mast cells and basophils. In humans mast cells are found in the loose connective tissue of all organs, especially around blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. These cells are most abundant in the organs expressing allergic diseases the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. 

Two forms of lymphatic filariasis are found in India. The Bancroftian form is the most common and accounts for more than 90% of the disease whereas Bmgian filariasis accounts for the rest. In a study carried out in India (6) in 40 patients with Wuchereria Bancwfti filariasis treated with single oral doses, all of the dose levels chosen (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were efficacious in clearing microfilariae from the blood of all patients treated. However, after three months some microfilaria recurred in the blood of most patients (Table 5). Further studies are planned and some are underway using different doses and regimens. Ivermectin still appears to hold promise as a new treatment for lymphatic filariasis. 

Vinyl chloride Liver - angiosarcoma Brain Lung - carcinoma Lymphatic system - lymphoma... 

Airway cross-sections have the nominal anatomy shown in Fig. 5.16. Airway surface liquid (AST), primarily composed of mucus gel and water, surrounds the airway lumen with a thickness thought to vary from 5 to 10 mm. AST lies on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells (mostly columnar ciliated epithelium). This layer of cells, roughly two to three cells thick in proximal airways and eventually thinning to a single cell thickness in distal airways, rests along a basement membrane on its basal surface. Connective tissue (collagen fibers, basement membranes, elastin, and water) lies between the basement membrane and airway smooth muscle. Edema occurs when the volume of water within the connective tissue increases considerably. Interspersed within the smooth muscle are respiratory supply vessels (capillaries, arteriovenous anastomoses), nerves, and lymphatic vessels. 

Aerosols reach the alveolar space depending on their particle size and physico-chemical characteristics. Small particles that reach the alveiilar region (see Sections 2.3.7 and 3.1.1) may reach the circulation through the lymphatic drainage of the alveolar region. 

Lymph-gefass, n. lymphatic vessel, -korper-chen, n. lymph corpuscle, leucocyte, lyo-pbil, a. lyophile, lyophil(ic). -phob, a. lyophobe, lyophobic. -trop, a. lyotrope, lyotropic. 

Saug-. suction, sucking, absorbing, absorbent, aspirating, -ader, /. Anat.) absorbing vessel, lymphatic vessel, -aderdriise, /. lymphatic gland, -apparat, m. suction apparatus aspirator. -druck, m. suction pressure, -diise, /. suction nozzle Venturi tube. 

Wasser-gang, m. aqueduct drain waterway. -gas, n. water gas, -gasteer, m. water-gas tar, -geblkse, n, water blast, -gefass, n. water vessel (Med.) lymphatic vessel, -gehalt, m, water content, moisture content. 

Three fungal infections - Madura feet (mycetoma), chromomycosis and sporotrichosis - fall into the category of subcutaneous mycoses, their distribution is mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. The ideal treatment for madura feet caused by fungi is not yet established the azoles are of some benefit, however, neither the optimal drug, dose, nor the treatment schedules are known. Chromomycosis responds well to ITRA monotherapy or the combination of 5FC plus ITRA. ITRA has been set up as standard therapy for cutaneous and lymphatic sporotrichosis. 

Lymphangiogenesis is the growth of lymphatic vessels, which is critically controlled by the interaction of VEGF-C and VEGF-D with the receptor VEGF-R3 on lymphatic endothelial cells. 

The SI Pi receptor and the gradient between lymphatic tissue (low SIP levels) and plasma (high SIP levels) are essential for lymphocyte trafficking. Deletion of S1PX, as well as pharmacological... 

Sporotrichosis is the fungal disease caused by Sporotrix schenckii and involves the lymphatic and subcutaneous tissues. The lesions spread via the lymphatics from the original wound and form nodules or pustules that quickly ulcerate. Dissemination is rare. 

Acute lymphatic leukemia, acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia... 

Most heroin addicts have lymphadenopathy (Carbone et al. 1998 Tirelli et al. 1986). Vein sclerosis and contaminant-related lymphatic obstruction may cause extremity edema. Ulceration and other dermatologic changes are often present in those who skin pop. ... 

Lymphoreticular Effects—Represent morphological effects involving lymphatic tissues such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. 

Appropriately designed prodrugs, for example, phosphonoamidates (Lee et al. 2005), may allow acyclic nucleoside phosphonates such as tenofovir to be specifically targeted at tissues, that is, lymphatic tissue, where the virus (i.e., HIV) replicates. This principle has been recently extended to another nucleotide analogue, GS-9148 (Cmiar et al. 2008) and its phosphonoamidate prodrug, GS-9131 (Ray et al. 2008). 

The reason for the apparently superior antiretroviral activity of raltegravir compared with efavirenz is currently not understood. Several hypotheses have been advanced first, it has been proposed that raltegravir may have superior pharmacokinetic properties that allow it to penetrate more efficiently into HIV sanctuaries such as the gut-associated lymphatic tissue and may thus be more potent at targeting major in vivo-reservoirs of HIV replication (Murray et al. 2007). 

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