Lymphatic system lymphocytes

The lymphatic system of the skin extends up and into the papillary layers of the dermis. A dense, flat meshwork of lymphatic capillaries is found here [11]. Lymph passes into a deeper network at the lower boundary of the dermis. Serum, macrophages, and lymphocytes readily negotiate through the skin s lymphatic and vascular networks. 

Benjamin, S. A., Jones, R. K., Snipes, M. B. and Lustgarten, C. S. (1975c). Comparative effects of inhaled relatively insoluble forms of "Y, l44Ce, and "Sr on canine peripheral lymphocyte function, page 90 in Radiation and the Lymphatic System, USAEC Report No. CONF-740930 (National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). 

Lymphocytes, mentioned in the description of the lymphatic system and its role in clearing paitieulates, have been the subject of much recent inquiry because of interest in the immune system (Golub, 1981). 

The common mucosal immune system (CMIS) is now well established as a separate component of the host s immune apparatus, quite distinct from and independent of the systemic immune system described above. Moreover, if an immune response is induced at one site in the mucosal system this generally leads to responses at distal mucosal sites of the CMIS, presenting a potentially large advantage. It should be noted that there are approximately 6 x 1010 antibody producing cells in mucosal tissues and 2.5 x 1010 lymphocytes in the entire lymphatic system. 

Deficiency of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) causes gradual disappearance of the lymphatic system, depressed number of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and impaired activity of antibodies and IL-2 (Szponar and Respondek 1998) (Table 2.2.4). Vitamin D3 can produce an immunosupressive effect. The recent literature data suggest that one of metabolites of this vitamin, 1,2,5-dihydroxy D3, by affecting a specific receptor present on monocytes and lymphocytes, can inhibit their proliferation. This effect occurs via retardation of the production of mRNA for GM CSF, IL-2, and IFN-7. At the same time, it has been demonstrated that deficiency of vitamin D3 in food caused impaired cellular-type tolerance (Szponar and Respondek 1998). 

Lymphocytes are the lymphatic system s foot soldiers. These cells identify enemy particles and attempt to destroy them. Lymphocytes fall into two general categories T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells). T cells form in the thymus (in the chest), and B cells form in the bone marrow of the long, thick bones of the thigh, arm, spine, or pelvis. While T cells primarily attack viral antigens, B cells attack bacterial antigens. Both T and B cells travel in lymph, through lymphatic vessels, and into lymph nodes. 

Paramethasone stimulates the synthesis of enzymes needed to decrease the antiinflammatory response. It suppresses the immune system by reducing activity and volume of the lymphatic system, thus producing lymphocytopenia (primarily of T-lymphocytes), decreasing passage of immune complexes through basement membranes, and possibly by depressing reactivity of tissue to antigen-antibody interactions (see Table 11). 

Spleen An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH]... 

Brooks A, LaBauve R, McClellan R, et al. 1976a. Chromosome aberration frequency in blood lymphocytes cf animals with 239Pu lung burdens. In Radiation and the lymphatic system. National Technical Information Service. Springfield, VA. NTIS no. COMFY-740930. 

The main cells of the viable epidermis are keratinocytes. They get their growth factors and nutrients by passive diffusion via the interstitial fluid, which is estimated to represent about 15% of the total volume of the epidermis and drains into the lymphatic system. The viable epidermis also contains melanocytes, Langerhans cells, migrant macrophages, and lymphocytes. The top two layers of the viable epidermis, the stratum lucidum and the stratum granulosum, are physiologically very important. Removal of these three epidermal layers results in water loss and an enhancement of skin permeability [8],... 

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