Airway epithelial cells

Airway cross-sections have the nominal anatomy shown in Fig. 5.16. Airway surface liquid (AST), primarily composed of mucus gel and water, surrounds the airway lumen with a thickness thought to vary from 5 to 10 mm. AST lies on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells (mostly columnar ciliated epithelium). This layer of cells, roughly two to three cells thick in proximal airways and eventually thinning to a single cell thickness in distal airways, rests along a basement membrane on its basal surface. Connective tissue (collagen fibers, basement membranes, elastin, and water) lies between the basement membrane and airway smooth muscle. Edema occurs when the volume of water within the connective tissue increases considerably. Interspersed within the smooth muscle are respiratory supply vessels (capillaries, arteriovenous anastomoses), nerves, and lymphatic vessels. 

Kato A, Favoreto S Jr, Avila PC, Schleimer RP TLR3- and Th2 cytokine-dependent production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in human airway epithelial cells. J Immunol 2007 179 1080-1087. 

FIGURE 13-1. Electrolyte transport in the airway epithelial cell. Ca, calcium cAMP, cyclic-3, 5 -adenosine monophosphate Cl, chloride Na, sodium K potassium. (From Milavetz G, Smith JJ. Cystic fibrosis. In DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, (eds.) Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. New York McGraw-Hill 2005 592, with permission.)... 

Reibman J, Hsu Y, Chen LC, Bleck B, Gordon T. Airway epithelial cells release MIP-3alpha/CCL20 in response to cytokines and ambient particulate matter. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003 28(6) 648-654. 

Aksoy MO, Yang Y, Ji R, et al. CXCR3 Surface expression in human airway epithelial cells cell cycle dependence and effect on cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005 290(5) L909-918. 

Stellato C, Brummet ME, Plitt JR, et al. Expression of the C-C chemokine receptor CCR3 in human airway epithelial cells. J Immunol 2001 166(3) 1457-1461. 

Ester 17, which is nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory, partially corrected the defective processing of F508del-CFTR in vitro in multiple cell lines (BHK, HEK-293, and CFBE41o- human airway epithelial cells)... 

Elfinger M, Maucksch C, Rudolph C (2007) Characterization of lactoferrin as a targeting ligand for nonviral gene delivery to airway epithelial cells. Biomaterials 28 3448-3455... 

A study investigating the consequences of diesel exhaust particles in human airway epithelial cells also concluded that any effects of these particles occurred after their endocytosis. However, organic components rather than the metals on the surface of the particles were considered to be responsible for subsequent events. Thus, treatment with the iron chelator desferrioxamine had no inhibitory effect on the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8,... 

Boland, S., Bonvallot, V., Fournier, T., Baeza-Squiban, A., Aubier, M. and Marano, F. (2000). Mechanisms of GM-CSF increase by diesel exhaust particles in human airway epithelial cells, Am. J. Physiol., 278, L25-L32. 

A relatively new cell line that has not to date been characterised for its use in biopharmaceutics is based on primary airway epithelial cells infected with retroviruses expressing hTERT and HPV-16 E6/E7 (NuLi-1) [54], NuLi-1 cells were cultured on plastic up to passage 30. When grown on collagen-coated, semi-permeable membranes (Millicell-PCF), NuLi-1 TEER decreased only slightly over the 30 passages from 685 31 to 389 21 ohm.cm2. The TEER of NuLi-1 is similar to that observed with the primary bronchial cultures of 532 147 ohm.cm2. Thus, NuLi-1 cells can form an electrically tight airway epithelial barrier that mimics active and passive ion transport properties of primary human bronchial epithelial cells [54],... 

In vitro models based on CF airway epithelium have been used widely in order to better understand the CF pathophysiology, to have a tool to study alterations in airway permeability and to assess the efficiency of gene vectors. Utilising approaches similar to those for cultivation of cells from healthy tissues, several protocols have been developed to culture airway epithelial cells harvested from CF patients [83, 84], The development of immortalised cell lines with a CF phenotype has been a significant benefit for investigators in... 

Rennard SI, Romberger DJ, Sisson JH, Von Essen SG, Rubinstein I, Robbins RA, Spurzem JR (1994) Airway epithelial cells Functional roles in airway disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150(5 Pt 2) S27-S30. 

Robison TW, Dorio RJ, Kim KJ (1993) Formation of tight monolayers of guinea pig airway epithelial cells cultured in an air-interface Bioelectric properties. Biotechniques 15(3) 468—473. 

Black PN, Ghatei MA, Takahashi K, Bretherton-Watt D, Krausz T, Dollery CT, Bloom SR (1989) Formation of endothelin by cultured airway epithelial cells. FEBS Lett 255(1) 129-132. 

Forbes B (2000) Human airway epithelial cell lines for in vitro drug transport and metabolism studies. Pharm Sci Technol Today 3(1) 18-27. 

Shen BQ, Finkbeiner WE, Wine JJ, Mrsny RJ, Widdicombe JH (1994) Calu-3 A human airway epithelial cell hne that shows cAMP-dependent Cl- secretion. Am J Physiol 266(5 Pt 1) L493-L501. 

Florea BI, Cassara ML, Junginger HE, Borchard G (2003) Drug transport and metabolism characteristics of the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3. J Control Release 87(1-3) 131-138. 

Cooney D, Kazantseva M, Hickey AJ (2004) Development of a size-dependent aerosol deposition model utilising human airway epithelial cells for evaluating aerosol drug delivery. Altern Lab Anim 32(6) 581-590. 

Stutts MJ, Cotton CU, Yankaskas JR, Cheng E, Knowles MR, Gatzy JT, Boucher RC (1985) Chloride uptake into cultured airway epithelial cells from cystic fibrosis patients and normal individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82(19) 6677-6681. 

Gruenert DC, Finkbeiner WE, Widdicombe JH (1995) Culture and transformation of human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 268(3 Pt 1) L347-L360. 

Ritz SA, Wan J, Diaz-Sanchez D (2007) Sulforaphane-stimulated phase II enzyme induction inhibits cytokine production by airway epithelial cells stimulated with diesel extractAm J Physiol 292(1 ) L33-L39. 

---