Lymphatics treatment

The lymphatic treatment allowed for fluid return. This also contributed to improved arterial circulation to the extremities. The improved circulation from this and the frequent mobilization by the patient performing exercise facilitated the increase in strength and circulation. The hair growth demonstrated the effect of this treatment... 

Two forms of lymphatic filariasis are found in India. The Bancroftian form is the most common and accounts for more than 90% of the disease whereas Bmgian filariasis accounts for the rest. In a study carried out in India (6) in 40 patients with Wuchereria Bancwfti filariasis treated with single oral doses, all of the dose levels chosen (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were efficacious in clearing microfilariae from the blood of all patients treated. However, after three months some microfilaria recurred in the blood of most patients (Table 5). Further studies are planned and some are underway using different doses and regimens. Ivermectin still appears to hold promise as a new treatment for lymphatic filariasis. 

Three fungal infections - Madura feet (mycetoma), chromomycosis and sporotrichosis - fall into the category of subcutaneous mycoses, their distribution is mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. The ideal treatment for madura feet caused by fungi is not yet established the azoles are of some benefit, however, neither the optimal drug, dose, nor the treatment schedules are known. Chromomycosis responds well to ITRA monotherapy or the combination of 5FC plus ITRA. ITRA has been set up as standard therapy for cutaneous and lymphatic sporotrichosis. 

The absorption of drugs from the rectal [32] cavity has been studied in some detail. Muranishi et al. [34] have shown that a significant increase in the absorption and lymphatic uptake of soluble and colloidal macromolecules can be achieved by pretreating the rectal mucosal membrane with lipid-nonionic surfactant mixed micelles. They found no evidence of serious damage of the mucosal membrane. Davis [30] suggested that the vaginal cavity could be an effective delivery site for certain pharmaceuticals, such as calcitonin, used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 

Turner, P.F., Rockett, K.A., Ottesen, E.A., Francis, H., Awadzi, K. and Clark, I.A. (1994) Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of adverse reactions after treatment of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 169, 1071-1075. 

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 1238-1239.) Remission maintenance can be carried out by combination therapy, which includes cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide causes hemorrhagic cystitis. Doxorubicin and carmustine are useful in the treatment of acute lymphatic leukemia, but neither is known to cause hemorrhagic cystitis. 

Our perspective is thus one of general significance to chronic infection, as well as one that will provide specific pathways to novel treatments of human schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis. These two diseases represent a massive public health problem with 300 million people infected in the world today. Intervention by ablating parasite-specific Tregs in these patients will solve the specific problems of schistosomiasis and filarial diseases, while at the same time proving a principle which will be applicable to chronic infections in general. 

Malignant diseases Corticoids are used in combination with other therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin s disease, acute lymphatic leukemia and other lymphomas. 

While glucocorticoids may have a beneficial effect on regional ileitis, perforation of the ileum, lymphatic dilatation, and microscopic fistulae have been observed after treatment. 

Chlorambucil is an anticancer chemotherapeutic agent, used in the treatment of lymphomas. The targeting of this drug to the lymphatic system may improve the treatment of lymphatic cancers. Hence, a prodrug of chlorambucil was synthesized, with the parent drug attached to the 2-position of a triglyceride with palmitic acid in the 1 and 3 positions (Figure 6.6). 

Ivermectin (Mectizan, Stromectol) is the primary treatment for filarial nematode infections (onchocerciasis) that invade ocular tissues and cause loss of vision (river blindness). Ivermectin may also be used in filarial infections in other tissues (lymphatics, skin). This drug is a secondary agent for treating intestinal nematodes such as strongyloidosis. 

During the last four decades, microfilaricidal diethylcarbamazine [46] and macrofilaricidal suramin [47,48] have been used for the treatment of filariasis however, iboth of these drugs possess unwanted side-effects such as mazzotti reaction, toxicity, etc. Suramin is highly active against the adult worm of 0. volvulus [47] in humans, but it is very toxic to the kidney, liver and bone marrow and has other side-effects similar to DEC. DEC in the treatment of onchocerciasis produces severe mazzotti reaction (an allergic response due to rapid death of microfilariae) along with other side-effects such as pruritus and anaphylactic shock. However, the mass treatment of lymphatic filariasis with DEC was successful due to a lower and milder incidence of these adverse... 

Formation of regional lymph node metastasis can be an important step in dissemination of cancer cells. In colorectal cancer, lymph node metastasis frequently occurs in patients (7, 8) and is an important factor in staging the disease. In particular, the metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR number of metastatic lymph nodes/number of examined lymph nodes) is predictive of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in colorectal cancer patients (9, 10). Hence, an animal model of colorectal cancer with measurable lymphatic metastasis that allows for rapid evaluation of the effects of candidate treatment regimens on primary tumor growth and lymph node metastasis would be of great value. 

Schroder, C., A.M. Azimzadeh, G. Wu, J.O. Price, J.B. Atkinson, and R.N. Pierson. 2003. Anti-CD20 treatment depletes B-cells in blood and lymphatic tissue of cynomolgus monkeys. Transpl. Immunol. 12 19-28. 

---