Lymphatic system cancer

Shielded polyplexes with improved blood circulating properties are interesting tools for systemic cancer therapy (see Sect. 4.2). Nanoparticles can take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR effect) [89] for passive tumor targeting. The EPR effect is based on the leakiness of tumor vasculature, due to neovascularization in growing tumors, combined with an inadequate lymphatic drainage. Nanoparticles with an elongated plasma circulation time can extravasate and passively accumulate at the tumor site. 

Three main routes exist for the spread of cancer cells throughout the body. These involve the lymphatic system, the blood system, and direct extension into body cavities. Spread by the lymphatic system is thought to be important for carcinomas. The walls of these channels offer little mechanical resistance to penetration by tumor cells. Malignant cells readily invade the walls of these vessels and are carried to regional lymph nodes. In the lymph node, the cancer cells can arrest, proliferate and produce a metastatic tumor. Malignant cells may later detach from the lymph node and be carried in the bloodstream to other sites throughout the body. 

Lymphoma a cancer of the lymphatic system characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphoc3 tes. 

Chlorambucil is an anticancer chemotherapeutic agent, used in the treatment of lymphomas. The targeting of this drug to the lymphatic system may improve the treatment of lymphatic cancers. Hence, a prodrug of chlorambucil was synthesized, with the parent drug attached to the 2-position of a triglyceride with palmitic acid in the 1 and 3 positions (Figure 6.6). 

A variety of diseases affect the lymphatic system early in their time course. For example, many cancers spread by lymphatic dissemination, and HIV, fungal, and bacterial infections are located primarily in the lymph nodes. The high prevalence of lymph node involvement in disease is due to the role of lymphatic tissue in the provision of the body s immune response. Intralymphatic and interstitial administration are two efficient access routes. However, the oral route may also prove to be important for the lymphatic uptake of lipophilic drags and macromolecules. 

Although lymph nodes commonly enlarge to fight infection, an overwhelming infection can leave a lymph node and travel through the lymphatic system to other nodes and even to other body tissues. Cancer can... 

Cancers of the prostate, skin, lung, blood, and lymphatic system... 

Malignant tumors grow fast and spread throughout the body via blood or the lymphatic system. Metastatic tumors established at distant locations are usually not encapsulated and thus more amenable for systemic delivery. Local siRNA administration methods discussed earlier can meet the requirements for most functional genomics studies by acting on primary tumors or xenograft models which form the basis of most cancer biology research. On the other hand, systemic delivery of siRNA is needed for development of siRNA-based cancer therapeutics. 

Lymphoma - cancer that is found in the lymphatic system... 

Encouraged by this success, he carried out the same operation on a second woman whose case seemed even more hopeless. She was 40 years of age and reported that she had first noticed the growth in her right breast about five years earlier. At the time Beatson first saw her, the tumour extended over much of the breast and there were numerous small tumour masses under her arms and in her neck. Clearly, the cancer had metastasized via the lymphatic system to these various lymph nodes, and she was in considerable pain. She had already been refused treatment at two other local infirmaries on the... 

In some cases, selective accumulation in the target area can be achieved, and this is of major interest in cancer therapy. For example, compared to normal tissue, tumor vessels can take up conjugates with a molecular weight >40 kDa. In addition, the lymphatic system in these areas is unable to provide a full drainage function, and this may lead to an enhanced perme-abihty and retention effect (EPR) of high-molecular weight compounds. Small molecules are not accumulated as they are able to diffuse back into the blood circulation... 

The lymphatic system is a series of vessels for transporting back to the circulation, the fluid, cells and macromolecules that escape from the blood vascular system. It is therefore an essential part of the circulatory system. In normal physiology the lymphatics therefore play a key role in fluid homeostasis and immune cell trafficking. In pathological conditions aberrant lymphatic vessel function is associated with conditions such as lymphoedema and cancer (Baldwin et al 2002). 

When radioactive substances pass into the body by inhalation of radioactive vapors, gases (e.g., radon) or dusts, or by ingestion, such substances may accumulate and deposit in the bone. They incorporate in the bone matter the ionizing radiations damage cells and cause cancer. Cancer in lungs, bones, and lymphatic systems are known to occur in humans as a result of radiation exposures. 

Cancer is a collective name for at least 200 different diseases characterized by unrestrained growth. From 1942, it began to be controlled by medication. Cancers are of two major kinds (a) solid tumours and (b) the leukaemias and lymphomas of the blood and lymphatic systems respectively. In the Western nations, the largest causes of cancer-related deaths are lung cancer, colonic (including rectal) cancer in men, and breast cancer in women. 

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