Morphology effects

Morphology effects appear for reactions that are structure sensitive. A good example is the reduction of NO by CO on Pd, which shows the highest activity on (Iff) planes and lower activity on open surfaces [67]. However, in the case of supported particles it is difficult to control the particle shape independently of particle size [68]. However, by using a careful TEM characterization it is possible to disentangle size and morphology effects. An example is given by the NO reduction of CO on Pd/MgO(100) model catalysts [64]. 

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Figure Bl.19.24. Friction loop and topography on a heterogeneous stepped surface. Terraces (2) and (3) are composed of different materials. In regions (1) and (4), the cantilever sticks to the sample surface because of static friction The sliding friction is tj on part (2) and on part 3. In a torsional force image, the contrast difference is caused by the relative sliding friction, Morphological effects may be...

Fig. 8. Morphological effects of supersaturations and temperature on vapor deposited materials (12).

There were no treatment-related effects on retinal function and no morphological effects on the eyes of dogs that were exposed to 0.03, 0.30, or 3.00 mg/kg/day methyl parathion for 13 weeks and allowed 4 weeks of no exposure to recover (Daly 1989). 

Lymphoreticular Effects—Represent morphological effects involving lymphatic tissues such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. 

Carbon Black Morphology Effects on Abrasion Resistance.945... 

The morphological effects of applying magnetic fields can probably be ascribed to the MHD mechanism and/or the convective flow of the suspension produced by the... 

In bacteria and yeasts, Li+ has strain-dependent, inhibitory, and morphological effects upon growth. The driving force behind the transport of carbohydrates and amino acids in bacteria is the proton gradient, and in both E. coli [228] and Salmonella typhimurium cells [229], Li+ stimulates the movement of proline into cells via a Li+/proline symport and the transport of melibiose via a cotransport pathway [230]. In both cases, Li+ is replacing Na+ and results in the inhibition of growth. 

Fischer-Scherl, T., A. Veeser, R.W. Hoffmann, C. Kuhnhauser, R.D. Negele, and T. Ewringmann. 1991. Morphological effects of acute and chronic atrazine exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20 454-461. 

The authors ascribed the high WGS rates of the Pt/FSM-16 catalysts to confinement effects which increased the activities of Pt surface atoms, as well as to anisotropic morphological effects. Based on infrared studies, the authors identified unidentate formate species as intermediates in Au/NaY, and though the species was also observed on Au/Na Mordenite, the catalyst was found to deactivate by poisoning from a carbonate species. Only stable carbonates were observed on Au/Na-ZSM-5. The authors proposed a mechanism for Au/NaY, depicted in Scheme 94. 

K.A. Higginson, X. Zhang, and F. Papadimitrakopoulos, Thermal and morphological effects on the hydrolytic stability of Aluminum Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3), Chem. Mater., 10 1017— 1020 (1998). 

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