Lymphatics thymus

Lymphoreticular Effects—Represent morphological effects involving lymphatic tissues such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. 

Lymphatic system The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and disease. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. 

Simon, in 1845, described the thymus as an early critical barometer of nutrition (Sll) and Hammar (HI) was so impressed by the characteristic lesions produced in the thymus by malnutrition (Jl) that he applied the term accidental involution to describe the atrophied changes produced in the thymus by malnutrition. Of all the thymolymphatic organs the thymus first showed the most pronounced involution in the malnourished individuals, followed by the spleen (A8) and then the rest of the lymphatic organs (.15) (Table 4). 

Postmortem examinations of persons who died as a result of exposure to H have shown depletion of lymphoid cells in the spleen, thymus, and other lymphatic organs depletion of hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow necrosis and desquamation of epithelium in the small intestine acute ulceration of the duodenum membranous laryn-gotracheobronchitls and pulmonary edema, congestion, and patchy emphysema that may be complicated by bronchopneumonia or other evidence of pulmonary infection.2>47... 

Changes in leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count (Den Tonkelaar et al. 1983) may suggest pathological changes in lymphatic tissue, spleen, and thymus. Based on the limited human and animal data, the potential for DNOC to cause immunological effects in humans cannot be ruled out. 

The activation of the stress systems affects all tissues of the organism, and the peripheral immune system is no exception. These effects are mediated through at least tw o pathways via the HPA axis and by virtue of the innervation of lymphatic tissues by autonomic nerve fibers, especially from the sympathetic nervous system. All lymphoid tissues, primary (bone marrow and thymus) as well as secondary (spleen, lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue) are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers. As discussed above, most lymphoid cells express catecholamine receptors, including B-lymphocytes, CD4- and CD 8-positive T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. 

The lymphatic system is the body s network of organs, ducts, and tissues that filter harmful substances out of the fluid that surrounds body tissues. Lymphatic organs include the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, appendix, tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, and Peyer s patches (in... 

Lymphocytes are the lymphatic system s foot soldiers. These cells identify enemy particles and attempt to destroy them. Lymphocytes fall into two general categories T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells). T cells form in the thymus (in the chest), and B cells form in the bone marrow of the long, thick bones of the thigh, arm, spine, or pelvis. While T cells primarily attack viral antigens, B cells attack bacterial antigens. Both T and B cells travel in lymph, through lymphatic vessels, and into lymph nodes. 

The lymphatic system, also known as the immune system, defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign bodies. Additionally, the lymphatic system transports fluids from the body s tissues to the blood, thus helping to control fluid balance in the body. This system also absorbs substances from the digestive system. The organs of the lymphatic system include the lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus, spleen, and tonsils. 

Sources from which desoxyribosenucleic acid has been isolated include fish sperm, thymus, spleen, pancreas, testicles, placenta, mammary glands, brain, liver, kidney, blood cells, thyroid, intestines, lungs, lymphatic glands, bacteria, and tumor tissue. It is difficult to obtain a uniform product, free from protein the first serviceable method was that of Neumann, which has been improved upon by later workers. The nucleic acid from thym,us glands may be isolated in the following manner ... 

Lymphatic tissues constitute the principal parts of the immune system. The central immune system lymphatic tissues are bone marrow and the thymus gland. The peripheral lymphatic tissues are the spleen, lymph nodes (which are distributed throughout the body), tonsils, and adenoids. There are also lymph tissue agglomerates that are present in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and the skin, making lungs, gut, and skin particularly vulnerable to attack by chemical toxins. 

The tonsils are part of the lymphatic system (they help prevent toxins from entering your body), as are the spleen and thymus. The lymphatic system handles toxins that enter your body from external sources, such as food or air pollution, but also deals with internally produced toxins (endotoxins), such as in inflammation, that are the result of normal metabolic processes. It carries acid waste products via lymph fluid, which enters your veins (and thus your bloodstream) near your heart. Once toxins have been swept up and dumped into the bloodstream, the kidneys and liver take over to filter them out of the blood. 

Zoltowska A. Immunohistochemical comparative investigations of lymphatic tissue in reactive processes, myasthenic thymuses and Hodgkin s disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp fWarsz). 1995 43 15-22. 

No afferent lymphatic vessels have been found in the thymus, although... 

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