Liver of carp

Yousri, R. and W. Hanke. 1985. The effects of pentachlorophenol, phenol and other pollutants on the liver of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 82C 283-290. 

To acquire information on the intrinsic metabolic activity of aquatic organisms, liver of carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and freshwater snail (Cipango-paludina japonica Martens) was dissected out, homogenized in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, and centrifuged at 105,000 g for 60 min to obtain the microsome-equivalent (described as the microsomal fraction hereafter) fraction. The protein content of microsomal and submicrosomal (supernatant fractions by Lowry s method, microsomal P-450 content ( ), activity of aniline hydroxylase (4) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (5) were determined. 

Figure 4. Effect of carp liver microsomal protein concentration on its mfo activity (NADPH 3 mg/mL, pH 7.4 incubated for 15 min at 25°C)...

Schiinke, M. and Wodtke, (1983). Cold-induced increase of delta 9- and delta 6-desat-urase activities in endoplasmic membranes of carp liver. Biochirruca et Biophysica Acta 734,70-75. 

Vellas, F. (1965). Effects of several ecological factors on the activity of uricolytic enzymes in the liver of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Annates de Limnologie 1, 435-442. 

Wodtke, E. (1978). Lipid adaptation in liver mitochondrial membranes of carp acclimated to different environmental temperatures. Phospholipid composition, fatty acid pattern and cholesterol content. Biochimica etBiophysicaActa 529,280-291. 

Zhang, J., Y. Xu, K.W. Schramm and A. Kettrup. Alterations in retinoids, tocopherol and microsomal enzyme activities in the liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) from Ya-Er Lake, China. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 68 660—667, 2002. 

On the other hand, oleic acid (0.1 or 0.2 mL per mouse) did not inhibit tumor growth in the spleen Table (7) . Carp oil (0.2 mL per mouse), and oleic acid (0.1 or 0.2 mLper mouse), significantly reduced the number of tumor cell colonies that metastasized in the liver compared with the number in intrasplenic LLC-bearing mice, as shown in Fig. (10) and Table (7) . The growth of the metastatic tumors in the livers of LLC-bearing mice was also inhibited by orally administered carp oil or oleic acid at 0.1 or 0.2 mLper mouse Fig. (11) . 

On the other hand, the inhibitory actions of oleic acid on metastasis in the liver and metastatic tumor growth in the liver, cannot be explained by the effects of DNA synthesis in LLC cells, and microvascular endothelial cells, or the adherence of LLC cells to the microvascular endothelium rather, these inhibitory actions by oleic acid are partly attributable to the inhibition of the angiogenesis induced by tumors. In conclusion, it seems likely that the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of carp oil may be partly ascribed to a fatty acid, oleic acid, as an active substance. However, the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of carp oil are insufficiently by themselves to explain the action of oleic acid. Further work is in progress to identify the active substance(s) in carp oil. 

Infante, H. G., Cuyckens, R, Van Campenhout, K., Blust, R., Claeys, M., Van Vaeck, L., and Adams, F. C. (2004) Charactmsation of metal complexes with metaUothioneins in the liver of the carp Cyprinus carpio by revCTsed-phase HPLC with ICP-MS and electrospray ionisation (ESI)-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 19,159. 

L-Ascorbic acid, better known as vitamin C, has the simplest chemical structure of all the vitamins (Figure 18.30). It is widely distributed in the animal and plant kingdoms, and only a few vertebrates—humans and other primates, guinea pigs, fruit-eating bats, certain birds, and some fish (rainbow trout, carp, and Coho salmon, for example)—are unable to synthesize it. In all these organisms, the inability to synthesize ascorbic acid stems from a lack of a liver enzyme, L-gulono-y-lactone oxidase. 

The determination of THg levels in liver, kidney, and muscle of common carp from the Flix area and sampling points of interest located downstream has been extensively reported [33, 34]. In this regard, the specimens were collected in five stations, namely Ribaroja reservoir (located 10 Km upstream from Flix) the Flix reservoir (chlor-alkali plant and a waste dumping site) Asco, Xerta, and the irrigation channels of the Ebro Delta Natural Park, three sites situated 5.6 Km, 37 Km, and 70 Km downstream from Flix, respectively (Fig. 2). 

Mean THg concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle of common carp from the different sampling points are listed in Table 3. 

Round Crucian carp, Carassius carassius grandoculis 2 BCF after 7 days of about 500 in vertebra, 630 in muscle, 3160 in kidney, and 5020 in liver 27... 

Shipp, E.B., J.C. Restum, J.P. Giesy, S.J. Bursian, RJ. Aulerich, and W.G. Helferich. 1998a. Multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of PCB-contaminated carp from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, on mink. 2. Liver PCB concentration and induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 activity as a potential biomarker for PCB exposure. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54A 377-401. 

Sikka, H.C., J.P. Rutkowski, and C. Kandaswami. 1990. Comparative metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by liver microsomes from brown bullhead and carp. Aquat. Toxicol. 16 101-112. 

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