Antimetastatic effects

The molecular details by which NAMI-A exerts antimetastatic effects in vivo have not been definitely determined, and may occur by multiple mechanisms. The solution chemistry of NAMI-A involves both loss of Cl and DMSO. Interestingly, the antimetastatic activity is retained under a wide variety of experimental conditions producing solvolyzed intermediates.192 The exact nature of the active species may be difficult to resolve. 

Coriolus versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quel. Yun Chih Polysaccharides, poly saccharapeptide.415416417418 Antimetastatic effect, anti-lung cancer, tumor inhibition, against immunodeficiency virus. 

Kobayashi, H., K. Matsunaga, Y. and Oguchi. 1995. Antimetastatic effects of PSK (krestin), a protein bound polysaccharide obtained from basidiomycetes an overview. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 4 275-281. 

Saiki, I., Murata, J., Iida, J., et al. Antimetastatic effects of synthetic polypeptides containing repeated structures of the cell adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) sequences. Br. J. Cancer 60 722-728, 1989. 

Kuhara, T., Iigo, M., Itoh, T., Ushida, Y., Sekine, K., Terada, N., Okamura, H., and Tsuda, H. 2000. Orally administered lactoferrin exerts an antimetastatic effect and enhances production of IL-18 in the intestinal epithelium. Nutr. Cancer 38(2), 192-199. 

Gasic, G. J., Gasic, T. B. and Stewart, C. C. (1968). Antimetastatic effects associated with platelet reduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 61,46-52. 

Giraldi T., Nisi C. and Sava G. (1977). Antimetastatic effects of N-diazoacetyl-glycine derivatives in C57BL mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58, 1129-1130. Giraldi, T., Perissin, L., Zorzet, S., Piccini, P. and Rapozzi, V. (1989). Effects of stress on tumor growth and metastasis in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 25, 1583-1588. 

Binding of opioids to human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, their effect on growth, as well as the effect of opioid and nicotine receptors on human SCLC have been studied by Maneckzee [98-99]. Kita et al [100] have studied the effect of opioid peptides on the tumoricidal activity of spleen cells with or without tumors. The antimetastatic effect of various enkephalin-like peptides has been studied by Scholar et al [101]. 

Antitumor and antimetastatic effects of royal jelly significantly did not differ at doses between 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/k of royal jelly. As shown in Fig. (3) , metastasis to the liver was caused by implantation of LLC cells. The area of metastatic tumors in the liver in royal jelly-treated mice was smaller than that in control mice Fig. (3) and Table (1) . 

Mu Y et al (1999) Bioconjugation of laminin peptide YIGSR with poly(styrene co-maleic acid) increases its antimetastatic effect on lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commim 255 75-79... 

Shmalwko IP, Mikhaleva IL Antimetastatic effect of the delta-sleep peptide during stress in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Exp Oncol 1988 10 57-60. 

S. Batkin, S. J. Taussig, and J. Szekerczes. Antimetastatic effect of bromelain with or without its proteolytic and anticoagulant activity. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 114 501 (1988). 

Almost in vivo studies have been carried out on the ginsenosides (Fig. (1)). The /.v.(10-100 gg/mouse) or p.o. (100-1000 gg/mouse) multiple administration of ginsenoside-Rb2, 20 (R)- and 20 (S)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (Fig. (1)) isolated from red ginseng was demonstrated to inhibit lung metastasis produced by B16-BL-6 melanoma and colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells in syngeneic mice (Table 1) [18, 19]. The mechanism of their antimetastatic effect was related to the inhibition of the invasion and adhesion by tumor cells and also to the suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis [18, 19]. 

On the other hand, the inhibitory actions of oleic acid on metastasis in the liver and metastatic tumor growth in the liver, cannot be explained by the effects of DNA synthesis in LLC cells, and microvascular endothelial cells, or the adherence of LLC cells to the microvascular endothelium rather, these inhibitory actions by oleic acid are partly attributable to the inhibition of the angiogenesis induced by tumors. In conclusion, it seems likely that the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of carp oil may be partly ascribed to a fatty acid, oleic acid, as an active substance. However, the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of carp oil are insufficiently by themselves to explain the action of oleic acid. Further work is in progress to identify the active substance(s) in carp oil. 

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