Silver carp

Makeyeva, A.P., N.G. Yemel yanova, N.V. Belova, and I.N. Ryabov. 1995. Radiobiological analysis of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, from the cooling pond of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant since the time of the accident. 2. Development of the reproductive system in the first generation of offspring. Jour. Ichthyol. 35 40-64. 

Dong, S., Zeng, M., Wang, D., Liu, Z., Zhao, Y., and Yang, H. (2008). Antioxidant and biological properties of protein hydrolysates prepared from silver carp (Hypophthal-michthys molitrix). Food Chem. 107,1485-1493. 

Marked interpopulation distinctions in characteristics such as fatness have been observed in a number of freshwater fish - silver carp, bighead, bleak, wild goldfish and mongolian grayling (Marti, 1988 Konovalov, 1989 Lapin and Basaanzhov, 1989 Lapina, 1991). 

Konovalov, Yu.D. (1989). Total protein, albumins and globulins in the eggs of silver carp and big-head of different ecological groups and characteristics of the fish culture and biology (In Russian). Gydmbiologicheskii Zhumal 25,103. 

Huaihe River Silver carp - PCBs57 4.65 ng g 1 ww Wang et al., 2001... 

Xu, Y., J. Zhang, K.W. Schramm and A. Kettrup. Endocrine effects of sublethal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix). Environ. Pollut. 120 683 —690, 2002. 

Boran, G. and Regenstein, J. M. (2009). Optimization of gelatin extraction from silver carp skin. /. Food Sci. 74(8), E432-E441. 

Toth-Markus, M. and Sass-Kiss, A., 1993, Effect of cooking on the fatty acid composition of silver carp (Hypophtalmichfis molitrix), Acta Alimentaria, 22, 25. 

On closer examination, microcystins have been reported to cause hepatotoxic effects in fanned catfish (Zimba et al., 2001) and farmed sahnon (Andersen et al., 1993). Microcystins also produce pathological effects in tilapia (Preito et al., 2006), silver carp (Li et al., 2007), common carp (Fischer and Dietrich, 2000), and loach (Liu et al., 2002). The neurotoxin anatoxin-a, is produced by several genera of cyanobacteria and it has been reported to cause mortalities in juvenile common carp under experimental conditions (Oswald et al., 2006). Exposure to 0.768 pg/g dry weight of freeze-dried Anabaena spp. caused mortalities with 28 h. 

In a similar study, silver carp was reported to be capable of achieving good growth rates when stocked in a huge cage or pen (1.088 km ) in Lake Taihu, China and grown in situ with toxic Microcystis blooms (Chen et al., 2006). Examination of the gut contents of the fish revealed that... 

Silver carp H. molitrixon) Intestine, liver, muscle of farm fish Microcystins 24.3, 0.957, 0.197 DW Chen et al., 2006... 

Chen, J., Xie, P., Zhang, D., Ke, Z. and Yang, H. In situ studies on the bioaccumulation of microcystins in the planktivorous silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) stocked in Lake Taihu with dense toxic Mycrocystis blooms. Aquaculture, 261(3), 1026, 2006. 

Ekpo, LA. and Bender, L. Digestibility of a commercial fish feed, wet algae and dry algae by Tilapia nilotica and silver carp. Fish Cult., 51, 83, 1989. 

Li, L., Xie, P. and Chen, J. Biochemical and ultrastructural changes of the liver and kidney of the phytoplank-tivorous silver carp feeding naturally on toxic Microcystis blooms in Taihu lake, China, Toxicon, 49(7), 1042, 2007. 

Zhang, X., Xie, R, Hao, L., Guo, N., Gong, Y, Hu, X., Chen, J. and Liang, G. Effects of the phytoplanktivo-rous silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrixon) on plankton and the hepatotoxic microcystins in an enclosure experiment in a eutrophic lake. Lake Shichahai in Beijing, Aquaculture, 257, 173, 2006. 

Hu, Y., Xia, W., and Ge, C., Characterization of fermented silver carp sausages inoculated with mixed starter culture, Lebensm. Wiss. TechnoL, 41, 730, 2008. 

Prussian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, 155 Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, 702 Catfish... 

Although many authors credit China as the birthplace of aquaculture in 2000 BME, they were simply growing wild collected fish in ponds for commercial harvest, similar to Egyptian ancient aquaculture in a system whereby carp were collected as fry and transferred to special ongrowing ponds. In the 5 century BME, the culture of silver carp Hypophthalmi-chthys molitrix) was detailed in a manuscript by Fan li.This has been dated to 460 BME and is currently believed to be the first description of a species where the whole of the life-cycle was completed in captivity. This was the start of the domestication of fish and led to the first species being developed totally in aquaculture, the humble goldfish, which has never existed in the wild. 

Fresh-water 0.5-1.0 parasite 1. thiamin in silver carp reduced Pai et al... 

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