Literature overview

Abstract A literature overview, up to the end of 2004, of the most important microwave-assisted transition-metal-mediated processes used for the decoration and construction of heterocycles is presented. The emphasis of the chapter lies in the use of palladium-assisted reactions but examples of copper- and nickel-mediated processes are also incorporated. 

Table 6.1 Literature overview of the relation between species richness and P concentration...

On the other hand, the origin of the promoter metal and metal oxide effects is not always clear, despite the many detailed characterization studies. In what follows, we will give first a possible definition of the different promotion phenomena described in literature, as well as their mode of operation. The second part deals with an extensive literature overview of the effect of each promoter element on the F-T activity, selectivity and stability of the active Co phase. The different modes of operation will be evaluated for each element. Special attention will be paid to noble metal and transition metal oxide promotion effects. 

The syntheses of diazetidines are known to proceed via a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of alkene derivatives with azo compounds. A comprehensive literature overview has been provided in CHEC-II(1996) <1996CHEC-II(1B)911>. This chapter compiles some of the new synthetic methods and examples reported after 1994. 

Koppelman, S.J., Lakemond, C.M.M., Vlooswijk, R., Hefle, S.L. 2004. Detection of soy proteins in processed foods Literature overview and new experimental work. J AOAC Int 87 1398-1407. 

This chapter focuses on the catalytic aspects of methanol chemistry and covers thermodynamic, kinetic, chemical engineering, and materials science aspects. It provides brief introductions into these topics with the aim of establishing an overview of the state of the art of methanol chemistry with only a snapshot of the relevant literature. It highlights what the authors think are the most relevant aspects and future challenges for energy-related catalytic reactions of methanol. It is not meant to provide a complete literature overview on methanol synthesis and reforming. 

After an overview over the experimental techniques and results from the literature (Sect. 7.2) and some words about technical aspects and our experience concerning problems with some materials (Sect. 7.3), the experiments of the authors can be outlined as follows first, measurements of ohmic and capacitive currents in the contact mode are described (Sect. 7.4), followed by a description of some surface charge measurements in the non-contact mode (Sect. 7.5). The chapter closes with some experiments to probe electro-mechanical properties by the use of piezo response microscopy (Sect. 7.6) with its own brief literature overview. All three experimental parts are opened by a short introduction to the SFM techniques implemented in our lab. 

Cruchaudet B, Eicher JC, Sgro C, Wolf JE. [Reversible cardiomyopathy induced by psychotropic drugs case report and literature overview.]Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2002 51(6) 386-90. 

This literature overview shows that a wide range of efficient extraction, cleanup, separation, and detection procedures is available for the determination of p-agonists in food. However, continuous improvement of detection methods is necessary to keep pace with the ongoing introduction of new unknown p-agonists that have potential black market use, in the illegal practice. 

Figure 2.5 Overview of molecular structures of alkanethiol-based molecules imaged by in situ STM in various aqueous buffer solutions. For a literature overview, see [151].

Our intention with this chapter has been to provide a unified description of some important physical concepts that are widely used to describe and/or analyze data. Rather than aiming at a complete literature overview, we have discussed a few selected areas in... 

All these areas are covered in a broad literature, overviewed, for example in refs. 24 and 25. We do not here address all these elements of molecular charge transfer theory. Instead we discuss the two central factors in the interfacial (bio)electrochemical electron transfer process, first the nuclear reorganization (free) energy and then the electronic tunneling factor. 

Parmele, H.B. and C.O. Jensen Smoking tobacco product British Patent No. 903,067 (August 9, 1962). Paschke, T., H.-J. Eberhardt, W.-D. Heller, and G. Scherer Effects of ingredients added to cigarette tobacco on smoke composition and biological activity A literature overview 54th Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 54, Paper No. 9, 2000, pp. 21-22. 

Paschke, T., G. Scherer, and W.-D. Heller Effects of ingredients on cigarette smoke composition and biological activity A literature overview Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 20 (2000) 107-247. 

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the immobilization of ionic liquids (ILs) on various supports, such as polymers and inorganic materials in order to improve their applicabiUty in industrially important catalytic processes. Such systems can be handled as a solid catalyst in a technical process. Therefore, different attempts to realize such heterogeneous systems have been reported in the literature. Overviews are given by many authors [14, 15] and are summarized in the following chapters. Various novel concepts for the preparation of efficient... 

Literature Overview on Gallium Oxide Nitride Phases... 

Table 17.1. Literature overview on patient studies evaluating coronary artery stents using different CT scanner generations. The number of examined patients and stents is given the diagnostic performance for the detection of stent restenosis and the percentage of stented segments that had to be excluded because of inferior image quality...

The above sections do not intend to give a complete literature overview about SPA for environmental particles or not even about eleetron induced X-ray techniques in this field. Rather we have emphasized mostly our own contributions (because we know these best) and those of the researeh groups we had most contaet with. There are of course other teams that are active in... 

Such surfaces describe the mid-surface of the amphiphilic bilayer. If the bilayer is Type 2, the surface cleaves opposing hydrocarbon chain-ends, and the remaining volume (defining a pair of interwoven 3D cubic labyrinths) are water-filled. Type 1 bicontinuous cubic mesophases consist of a reversed bilayer wrapped on the surfaces, with chains filling the labyrinths (Figure 16.17). As with the other mesophases discussed above, these Types have shape parameters on either side of 1 (roughly equal to 2/3 for Types 1 for Types 2, see Figure 16.8). A brief literature overview of these mesophases can be consulted for further references (10). 

Dadi, H.H., 2010. Literature Overview of Smart Textiles (M.Se. thesis). University of Boras,... 

ABSTRACT In the presented paper, the authors research work is focused on the comparative analysis of developed expert system for transportation means maintenance processes performance implementation in various rail buses exploitation processes performance. As a result, in the Introduction section, the transportation means maintenance processes issues and a briefly literature overview in the research area are discussed. In the next Sections, the decision support system and expert system for means of transport maintenance processes performance are described. Following this, the case studies of transportation systems performing in Lower Silesia province, Poland is provided. The work ends up with summary and directions for further research. 

On the base of literature overview the aims of the paper were established. It proposes the model that use reliability theory to optimize manufacturing policy parameters for the case when ... 

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