Smart textiles

All applications textile materials have a vast number of clear advantages  

The multifunctional textiles such as fashion and environmental protection, ballistic and chemical protection, flame protection are all passive systems. The smart textiles are a new generation of fibers, yams, fabrics and garments that are able to sense stimuli and changes in tiieir environments, such as mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic and optical changes, and then respond to these changes in predetermined ways. They are multifunctional textile systems that can be classified into three categories of passive smart textiles, active smart textiles and very smart textiles [33], 

The functionalities of smart textiles can be classified in five groups sensoring, data processing, actuation, communication, energy. 

At this moment, most of the progress has been achieved in the area of sensoring. Many type of parameters can be measured  

Apart from the actual measuring devices data processing is a key feature in this respect. These t) e of data are new. They are numerous with multiple complex interrelationships and time dependent. New self learning techniques will be required. The introduction of such an approach will be slow, because no evidence of the benefits are available at this moment. 

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Passive heat-transfer enhancement techniques, retrofitted, 13 267 Passive mixers, in microfluidics, 26 966, 967 Passive noise detectors, 11 673 Passive nondestructive tests, 17 416, 425 Passive reactors, 17 555 Passive sensing materials, 22 706-707 Passive smart textiles, 24 625 Passive solar collection, silica aerogel application, 1 761-762 Pasta products, 26 278 Paste-extrusion process, 18 301-302 Paste forming, ceramics, 5 651 Paste inks, 14 315-316... 

Advances in polymer and fibre science and in the manufacturing technologies of fibres, yarns and fabrics have been the driving force behind the development of smart textiles and innovative products that fulfil customer expectations. In contrast with the situation that existed 20years ago, these products now find applications primarily in sectors outside the textile field. Therefore, fibre, yam and clothing producers are in constant pursuit of developing new materials in order to meet the demands for both traditional and technical textiles to be used for applications outside the textile industry. 

Smart textiles can be divided into three categories, based on their reaction to the environment ... 

Fibre-optic sensors, a passive smart textile... 

Kolkmann A., Gries Th., Smart Textiles - New Chances for Technical Applications Techtextil Symposium Proceedings, Germany, 7-10 April 2003. 

Xiang Z.X., Ming X., Smart textiles (1) Passive smart Textile Asia (2001), 28-29. 

Van Langenhove L., Hertleer C., Smart Textiles, an overview Proc. 3rd Textile Confi, 25-27 June 2003. 

McAdams E.T., McLaughlin J, Anderson J McC., Wearable and implantable monitoring systems 10 years experience at University of Ulster Proc. Wearable Electronic and Smart Textiles Confi, Leeds, UK, 2004. 

Smart textiles for medicine and healthcare materials systems and applications (ISBN-13 978-1-84569-027-4 ISBN-10 1-84569-027-3)... 

Smart textiles from chemical finishing Temperature protection by coating with phase change materials (PCMs) foam, quicker healing/recovery of wounds by moisture regulation, release of drugs on demand by signals from the skin... 

Smart textiles is an exaggerated but often used term. Can textiles really be smart or intelligent Only in the sense that they react to changing conditions, for example temperature, light or moisture. This provides a greater effect than the well known protection function of textiles that leads to the term functional textiles. 

Rupp J, Boehringer A and Yonenaga A, High performance textiles or smart textiles There s money in know-how , International Textile Bulletin, 2001,47(3), 6-24. 

El-Sherif MA (2003) Smart textiles created with embedded sensors. MRS Bull Technol Adv 28 101-102... 

A response to these needs, giving the companies a wide range of teehnological solutions, eonsists of the multi-functionahty of these soft materials, that is to say, the integration of multiple functions. Iimovation in this area is wide open, switching toward technical and functional textiles and adaptive textiles (smart textiles). It is possible to view a vision of this development by consulting a special issue of Actualite Chimique 2012 [NEM 12]. 

Shape memory coating and finishing techniques for smart textiles... 

Smith, W.C. (Ed.), 2010. Smart Textile Coatings and Laminates. Woodhead Publishing. 

In this context, in which colour is displayed at the right time, as opposed to the context in which colour is a constant, prerequisites to building sensors have been satisfied, and assuming that these dyes are applicable to textile fibres and substrates, these sensors are the core of a smart textile. In-depth definition of the level of smartness reveals that, other than the visible colour change, no further action is taken from the sensor, which is why the technology is often referred to as passively smart (Bresky et al., 2008). 

In terms of market opportunities, and referring to both the application method and the textile as a substrate, the need for functional prints and coatings that enable the development of smart textiles and wearable electronics will be rising and will move from 30% predominantiy printed and 6% on nonrigid substrates to 45% predominantly printed and 33% on nonrigid substrates by 2022 (Ghaffarzadeh, 2013). 

Then, the second hypothesis, that the polyamide fabric dyed with two photochromic dyes was indeed a sensor/detector and as such a passively smart textile, was tested. Following the method described in Section 2.3.2., the spectrophotometric measurement of the fabrics was done before and after submitting to UV. The CIELAB graphs shown in Figures 2.9 and 2.10 contribute to proving that the photochromic response was gained from polyamide fabrics dyed with just 0.1 g/L of the two dyes used. 

Commercially available organic microcapsuies or composites represent an excellent building block for smart textiles aimed towards delivering reasonably simple medical devices that can be used to monitor patients body temperature. Although the example... 

Bresky, E., et al., 2008. Smart textiles. Nordic Textile Journal. Available from http //bada.hb.se/ bitstream/2320/4304/l/NTJ 08B.pdf. 

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