Detection procedure

Two different types of calibration marks are used in our experiments, planar circles and circular balls. The accuracy of the calibration procedure depends on the accuracy of the feature detection algorithms used to detect the calibration marks in the images. To take this in account, a special feature detection procedure based on accurate ellipses fitting has been developed. Detected calibration marks are rejected, if the feature detection procedure indicates a low reliability. 

Just like the physical and microchemical methods of detection, the indirect, biological-physiological detection procedures are very selective when apphed to thin-layer chromatography. Here it is not chemical functional groups or particular physical properties that are selectively detected but effects on highly sensitive biodetectors . The following detection techniques have been employed ... 

Mansfield, L. P Forsythe, S. J. The detection of Salmonella using a combined immunomagnetic separation and ELISA end-detection procedure. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2000,31, 279-283. 

The reagent is similar to another maleimide-containing biotinylation reagent, 3-(N-maleimi-dopropionyl) biocytin, a compound used to detect sulfhydryl-containing molecules on nitrocellulose blots after SDS-electrophoresis separation (Bayer et al., 1987). Biotin-BMCC should be useful in similar detection procedures. 

Figure 8 Chemiluminescent (A and B) and bioluminescent (C) detections for immobilized hybridizations of PCR product. Dg, digoxigenin Bt, biotin Ad, avidin. Procedure A [30] Biotin moiety is incorporated into PCR products during the amplification reaction, using one 5 -biotinylated primer. The product is hybridized with a Dg-labeled probe and is immobilized on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. This capture reaction is carried out for 30 min at 37°C. A permanent magnet is used to sediment the beads during washing to remove unbound DNA. By incubation with the washed beads for 45 min at 37°C, anti-Dg antibody conjugated to HRP enzyme is bound to the Dg-labeled probe, and luminol reaction is performed for CL detection. Procedure B [31] Wells of apolystyrene microtiter plate are activated with l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide, and then coated with a labeled cDNA probe complementary to an internal region of the target DNA.

If a time slot of the current path overlaps with a time slot of an existing path, the node positions are analyzed to identify the collision type. The detection procedure distinguishes between three possible collision types (head-to-tail, head-to-head and side collision). This information is required for an efficient conflict resolution in the next step. 

All data inside the window will be used to estimate the unknown statistical parameters of the background clutter and to calculate the adaptive threshold for target detection. All the background signals, undesired as they are from the standpoint of detection and tracking, are denoted just as clutter . The detection procedure has to distinguish... 

The general objective of all radar detection procedures is to get a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) due to the fact that the test cell almost always contains clutter and noise and only in a very few cases contains radar target echo signals. The statistical model and general detection procedure, in which the detector is fixed only with regard to the noise and clutter statistic and independently to the target statistic, has been developed by Neyman and Pearson. 

But in real radar applications the average noise and clutter power level (/x) is unknown and must be estimated in the detection procedure first. This is done by several published CFAR procedures, which will be discussed in this section, where each specific CFAR technique is motivated by assumptions about a specific background signal or target signal model. 

Application of the Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection Procedure within a Supervisory Control Scheme for the Column... 

ND not detectable Procedure 25 instead of 10g dry sample 5 instead of 30ml n-hexane... 

After completing the detection procedure the various separated solutes on the TLC plate are marked with the help of a sharp needle (e.g., pithing needle) subsequently, their evaluation may be carried out either qualitatively or quantitatively, as stated below ... 

Some detection procedures involve the loss of the sample for example, in the flame ionization detectors used in gas chromatography the sample is burnt, while in liquid chromatography the addition of a colour reagent will also result in the loss of the sample. For such methods to be used in a preparative... 

Liu Z-Q, Tan Z-R, Wang D, Huang S-L, Wang L-S, et al. 2002. Simultaneous determination of fluoxetine and its metabolite p-trifluoromethylphenol in human liver microsomes using a gas chromatographic-electron-capture detection procedure. J Chromatogr B 769 305. 

This result was not surprising. Once a drug, or any chemical, enters an environmental medium, in this case animal tissue we use as food, some amount is going to be present. Although amounts may decline (as the chemical metabolizes or degrades, for example), it is not possible to conclude its concentration ever goes to zero. The best we can do is to search for it with some method of analysis and, if it is not found, conclude that it is not present above the detection limit of whatever analytical method we use. If detection limits improve - become lower -it is expected that the chemical will be found where it could not be seen with the earlier, less sensitive detection procedures. The lower the detection limits, the greater will be the frequency of samples found to contain detectable concentrations. 

These units are the most sensitive and also provide the greatest degree of certainty. Flere certain is intended to mean that there is no other method with which one can, with greater reliability and better stability, locate leaks and measure them quantitatively. For this reason helium leak detectors, even though the purchase price is relatively high, are often far more economical in the long run since much less time is required for the leak detection procedure itself. 

By analogy to solvent extraction, the column containing the solid adsorbent corresponds to the separatory funnel containing the immiscible organic solvent. The transfer of the solute to the solid adsorbent occurs in an unattended operation requiring no manual effort or additional equipment such as the shakers used in solvent extraction or the distillation apparatus used in some of the automatic extraction devices. This simplicity allows for facile automation either off-line or on-line with the separation and detection procedure (495, 512, 536). 

Compton, R.P., Field Evaluation of the Los Angeles Police Department Drug Detection Procedure, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Report DOT HS 807 012, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 1986. 

---