Future challenges

Of course, challenges exist in the use of aUcene and enyne RCM for the assembly of aromatic rings. Firstly, while the methodology may not rely on the use of preformed aromatic rings, the metathesis precursors still need to be synthesized, and this synthesis can still be particularly challenging. Secondly, the experimental procedures, yields associated with the reactions, and the costs associated with the use of precious metal catalysts for the metathesis reaction may limit their use, particularly in an industrial setting. However, if cheaper, more air- and water-tolerant catalysts can be developed, this method for the synthesis of substituted benzene rings may find wider application. 

Although FCC is sometimes considered to be a fully matured process, new challenges and opportunities in its application and a continuing stream of innovations in the process and catalyst field ensure that it will remain an important and d5mamic process in the future of refining. 

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With respect to human nutrition, another challenge is due to biologi- 

Overall, metabolomics has a bright future and in harnessing that potential we should acknowledge the large wealth of information that exists in the literature on metabolic pathways and metabohc biochemistry. In our advancement of the area, we must endeavor to build on this information rather than rediscovering it. The incorporation of metabolomics into functional food research offers great potential for understanding mode of actions and ultimately health related benefits. 

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Chemotropic theory of axon guidance assumes that there is a concentration gradient of molecules and that growthcones detect this concentration 

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Rheological behavior of reactive blends is complex due to the presence of copolymer with poorly understood chain structure and spatial distribution. Rheological differences between reactive and non-reactive blends are substantial. Key microstructural issues needed for a detailed understanding of the rheology such as the copolymer composition, chain structure, and spatial distribution within the blend are yet to be explored carefully. 

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Chapter 12 discusses recent advances aiming at practical applications of electrochemical promotion and summarizes in perspective the main findings and future challenges. 

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This chapter is organized in the following manner DNS techniques and their range of applicability are first described, then some successes of the U-RANS and LES methodologies are presented and finally, perspectives are offered about the future challenges of the computational turbulent combustion. 

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This chapter concludes with a fairly abstract introduction to future challenges, as we see them, and a brief science fiction story, which also functions as an epilogue. 

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The goal of this chapter is to examine the history and current status of electrochemical glucose biosensors, and discuss their principles of operation along with future challenges. 

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