Langerhans cell

Ha (thymus leukemia antigen) F4/80 (macrophage marker) 2.4G2 (Fc receptor) 

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Zaitseva, M., Blauvelt, A., Lee, S., Lapham, C. K., Klaus-Kovtun, V., Mostowski, H., Manischewitz, J., and Golding, H. (1997). Expression and function of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human langerhans cells and macrophages Implications for HIV primary infection. Nature Medicine 3 1369-1375. 

Romani N, Koide S, Crowley M. Witmer-Pack M. Livingstone AM, Fathman CG. Inaba K. Steinman RM Presentation of exogenous protein antigens by dendritic cells to T cell clones. Intact protein is presented best by immature, epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 1989 169 1169-1178. 18... 

Wollenberg A. Kraft S. Hanau D. Bieber T Immuno-morphological and ultrastructural characterization of Langerhans cells and a novel, inflammatory dendritic epidermal cell population in lesional skin of atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 1996 106 446-453. 

Bieber T. Braun-Falco O IgE-bearing Langerhans cells are not specific to atopic eczema but are found in inflammatory skin diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991 24 658-659. 

DL-CFU Dendritic cell/Langerhans cell colony forming DLE Discoid lupus erythematosus DMARD Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug... 

Down s syndrome Bloom s syndrome Fanconi s anemia Klinefelter s syndrome Ataxia telangiectasia Langerhans cell histiocytosis Shwachman s syndrome Severe combined... 

Zhao X, Deak E, Soderberg K, et al. Vaginal submucosal dendritic cells, but not Langerhans cells, induce protective Thl responses to herpes simplex virus-2. J Exp Med 2003 197(2) 153-162. 

Allan RS, Smith CM, Belz GT, et al. Epidermal viral immunity induced by CD8alpha+ dendritic cells but not by Langerhans cells. Science 2003 301(5641) 1925—1928. 

Sato N, Ahuja SK, Quinones M, et al. CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2 is required for langerhans cell migration and localization of T helper cell type 1 (Thl)-inducing dendritic cells. Absence of CCR2 shifts the Leishmania major-resistant phenotype to a susceptible state dominated by Th2 cytokines, b cell outgrowth, and sustained neutrophilic inflammation. J Exp Med 2000 192(2) 205-218. 

Tchou I, Misery L, Sabido O, et al. Functional HIV CXCR4 coreceptor on human epithelial Langerhans cells and infection by HIV strain X4. J Leukoc Biol 2001 70(2) 313—321. 

With respect to vasodilation, niacin-elicited vasodilation requires the activation of GPR109A in skin Langerhans cells [34,35], which then triggers the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and its subsequent metabolism to PGD2. The production of PGD2 then activates DPI receptors in dermal blood vessels to cause vasodilation [36]. 

Cell transplantation has shown promise as a method for treating serious diseases. Various kinds of pluripotent stem cells have been developed or identified, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Moreover, the differentiation of stem cells to functional cells has been extensively studied. Previous studies have demonstrated that the transplantation of islet of Langerhans cells (islets) could successfully treat type 1 diabetes. Islets are insulin-secreting cells found in the pancreas. Over 200 patients... 

The activation of a T-cell response and subsequent efficacy of DNA vaccines is ultimately determined by professional antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells (Corr et al., 1996 Doe et al., 1996 Iwasaki et al., 1997 Ulmer et al., 1996). It follows that successful DNA vaccination strategies should seek to target DNA... 

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory condition with genetic, environmental, and immunologic mechanisms. Many immune cells have demonstrated abnormalities, including Langerhans cells, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, and keratinocytes. 

Katz, S.I., Tamaki, K. and Sachs, D.H., Epidermal Langerhans cells are derived from cells originating in bone marrow, Nature, 282, 324, 1979. 

Aiba, S. et al, In vitro treatment of human transforming growth factor-betal-treated monocyte-derived dendritic cells with haptens can induce the phenotypic and functional changes similar to epidermal Langerhans cells in the initiation phase of allergic contact sensitivity reaction, Immunology, 101, 68, 2000. 

Cooper, K. D. et al., Effects of UVR on human epidermal cell alloantigen presentation Initial depression of Langerhans cell dependent function is followed by the appearance of T6-DR+ cells that enhance epidermal alloantigen presentation, J. Immunol. 134,129-137, 1985. 

El-Ghorr, A. A. and Norval, M., A monoclonal antibody to cis-urocanic acid prevents the UV-induced changes in Langerhans cells and DTH responses in mice, although not preventing dendritic cell accumulation in lymph nodes draining the site of irradiation and contact hypersensitivity responses, J. Invest. Dermatol. 105, 264-268, 1995. 

Toews, G. B., Bergstresser, R R., and Streilein, J. W., Epidermal Langerhans cell density determines whether contact hypersensitivity or unresponsiveness follows skin painting with DNFB, J. Immunol. 124, 445 449, 1980. 

Hosoi, J. et al., Regulation of Langerhans cell function by nerves containing calcitonin gene-related peptide, Nature 363, 159-163, 1993. 

Ingested arsenic localizes to the skin [2, 7], where it may alter cutaneous immune responses. The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was suppressed in Bowen s disease patients [8], Langerhans cells (LC) in skin lesions and perilesioned skin from arsenic-induced Bowen s disease and carcinomas were reduced in number and were morphologically altered, having a notable loss of dendrites [9], These data suggest that chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water may... 

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