Drying, lacquer

The development of solvents and plastizing agents for CN led to the production of many new and useful nonexplosive products. Celluloid was produced in 1870 from a mixture of CN and camphor. Films were cast from solution and served as the basis for the original still and motion pictures. After World War I the development of stable CN solutions allowed the production of fast-drying lacquer coatings. 

Amyl, butyl, and iso-propyl acetates are all made from acetic acid and the appropriate alcohols. All are useful lacquer solvents and their slow rate of evaporation (compared to acetone or ethyl acetate) prevents the surface of the drying lacquer from falling below the dew point, which would cause condensation on the film and a mottled surface appearance (blushing). Other esters of importance are used in perfumery and in plasticizers and include methyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, diethyl-phthalate, dibutyl-phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate. 

The physicallydried binding agents include acrylic resins, polyesters, silicones, cellulose derivatives and others. Polyamides and polyolefins are used as raw material for powder lacquers. Differing from physically dried lacquers, chemically dried lacquers contain crosslinked macromolecules. The raw materials used as binding agents can in this case be used without solvents because of their low viscosities and react with the substrate by one of the above mentioned polymerization reactions. 

Blushing. The formation of milky opalescence in clear finishes caused by the deposition of moisture from the atmosphere and/or precipitation of one or more of the solid constituents of the finish. This defect is generally associated with quick-drying lacquers. The rapid evaporation of solvent causes the cooling of the substrate and the consequent condensation of moisture. The remedy is to adjust the evaporation rate of the solvents used, or preheat the article being coated. 

Use Solvent for nitrocellulose resins, spray lacquers, quick-drying lacquers, varnishes, enamels, dry-cleaning compounds, varnish removers, textile (preventing spotting in printing or dyeing) mutual solvent for soluble mineral oils to hold soap in solution and to improve the emulsifying properties. 

Butoxyethanol and, to a lesser extent, 2-butoxyethanol acetate are found in a wide variety of industrial and consumer products. For 2-butoxyethanol, the exposure scenario of most concern to the general public is inhalation or dennal absorption while using household cleaners, metal cleaners, spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, varnish removers, and latex paints. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate is used in nitrocellulose lacquer, epoxy and acrylic enamels, latex coatings, and some ink and spot remover formulations. Individuals employed in industries that make or use 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate (e.g., hospitals and medical facilities, silk screen shops, furniture finishers, print shops, paint manufacture) are probably exposed to the highest concentrations of atmospheric 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate. In the general population, people residing around certain chemical... 

Formulating Fast-Dry Lacquers for Electrostatic CSL-188, Hercules, Wilmington, Del., p. 1. 

Uses Acrylic for fast drying lacquers for wood finishing applies. Features Hard emulsion exc. print and block resist. very good stain and water resist. designed to replace traditional nitrocellulose lacquers and varnishes produces sealers with exc. sandability and min. grain raising Properties Ott-wh. translucent emulsion dens. 8.6 Ib/gal vise. 40 cps pH 8.0 hardness (Konig) 51 41.5% NV by wt. 

Caradol Desmocap 1180 Vestanat IPDI raw material, short oil alkyd resins air-dry lacquers... 

Uses Solvent, coalescing aid for latex paints solvent in cosmetics reagent textile and silk-screen printing inks slow-drying lacquers in food-pkg. adhesives... 

SD alcohol 3-A SD alcohol 3-C SD alcohol 30 raw material, oven-drying lacquers Soy acid... 

Mist coat n. (1) Very thin sprayed coat. (2) A thin coat of volatile thinners, with or without a small amount of lacquer, which is sprayed over a dry lacquer film to improve the smoothness and luster. 

Minney, F. (1994). The conservation of a Burmese dry lacquer statue of Buddha. Studies in Conservation, 39, 154-160. 

Nitrocellulose, also known as cellulose nitrate, was the workhorse thermoplastic binder to produce fast-drying lacquers for many decades. However, its very low solids ( 20 %) at spraying viscosity was the main reason for the steep decline of its market share with inception of legislation pertaining to the reduction in VOC emissions. 

---