From acetic acid

Preparation of acetone in high yields can be achieved by passing acetic acid vapor over a metal oxide catalyst such as MgO, CaO or A1203.  

A formaldehyde-acetone mixture contains 80% acetone by mass. When this mixture reacts with Fehling s reagent, 14.3 gram of solid CuzO is produced. 

When an acetone - formaldehyde mixture reacts with Fehling s reagent, acetone does not participate. However, formaldehyde reacts according to the following equation. 

According to the equation, 30 grams of formaldehyde forms 143 grams of Cu20. The mass of formaldehyde in the mixture is found by the proportion method. 

143 grams Cu20 is produced from 30 grams of HCHO 14.3 grams Cu20 is produced from x gram HCHO 

---

ACETAMIDE (from Ammonium Acetate or from Acetic Acid)... 

Xanthylamides. Dissolve 0 25 g. of xanthhydrol in 3-5 ml. of glacial acetic acid if an oil separates (as is sometimes the case with commercial material), allow to settle for a short time and decant the supernatant solution. Add 0-25 g. of the amide, shake and allow to stand. If a crystalline derivative does not separate in about 10 minutes, warm on a water bath for a period not exceeding 30 minutes, and allow to cool. Filter oflF the solid xanthylamide (9-acylamidoxanthen) and recrystallise it from dioxan - water or from acetic acid - water, dry at 80° for 15 minutes and determine the m.p. 

Dissolve equimolecular amounts of the hydrocarbon and styphnic acid in the minimum volume of hot acetic acid and allow to cool. Filter oflf the crystalline derivative which separates, wash it with a little acetic acid and dry in the air. Determine the m.p. Recrystallise from acetic acid and again determine the m.p. 

A more active product is obtained by the following slight modification of the above procedure. Dissolve the succinimide in a slight molar excess of sodium hydroxide solution and add the bromine dissolved in an equal volume of carbon tetrachloride rapidly and with vigorous stirring. A finely crystalline white product is obtained. Filter with suction and dry thoroughly the crude product can be used directly. It may be recrystallised from acetic acid. 

This reaction showed certain characteristics which distinguish it from nitrations in solutions of nitric acid in organic solvents. Thus, in changing the solvent from carbon tetrachloride to nitromethane, the rate increased by a factor of only 6, whereas nitration involving the nitronium ion was accelerated by a factor of about 30 when the solvent was changed from acetic acid to nitromethane. It was held that the... 

The argument for the S 2 process, when the transition from acetic acid as solvent to nitric acid as solvent is considered, is less direct, for because of the experimental need to use less reactive compounds, zeroth-order nitration has not been observed in nitric acid. It can be estimated, however, that a substance such as nitrobenzene would react about 10 faster in first-order nitration in nitric acid than in a solution of nitric acid (7 mol 1 ) in acetic acid. Such a large increase is understandable in terms of the S z mechanism, but not otherwise. 

Synthesis of Acetamide from Acetic Acid and Urea... 

The action of ammonia on N-(aryl-i,3-oxathiol-2-ylidine) tertiary im-inium salts (254) yields linear intermediates (255) that cyclize to 2-amino-4-phenyl thiazoles (256) on crystallization from acetic acid (Scheme 129) (730). 

Chemists and biochemists And it convenient to divide the principal organic substances present m cells into four mam groups carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids and lipids Structural differences separate carbo hydrates from proteins and both of these are structurally distinct from nucleic acids Lipids on the other hand are characterized by a physical property their solubility m nonpolar solvents rather than by their structure In this chapter we have examined lipid molecules that share a common biosynthetic origin m that all their carbons are derived from acetic acid (acetate) The form m which acetate occurs m many of these processes is a thioester called acetyl coenzyme A... 

---