Detergent alcohol

The olefin product contains 1.1% of residual / -paraffins. Essentially similar results have been obtained in commercial operations on Cg—C q and C g feedstocks. The desorbents used are generally hydrocarbon mixtures of lower boiling range than the feed components. The concentrated olefin stream may then be used for production of detergent alcohols. 

Storage and Handling of S hell JAeodol Detergent Alcohols, Ethoyylates, andEthoyysulfates, SC 133—179, SheH Chemical Company, Houston, Tex., 1979. 

R. F. Modlei, "Detergent Alcohols" in Chemical Economics Handbook SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., 1987. 

Better resistance to many chemicals associated with the automobile industry. This covers not only commonly used automobile fuels, oils and greases, but detergents, alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and alkaline chemicals. 

Keywords chemical warfare agents, decontamination, detoxification, human skin, chemisorption, oxidation, detergents, alcoholates, aprotic solvents... 

Fig. 6. Structural stability of major ampullate silk protein in constrained Nephila edulis. The graph shows a time series of circular dichroism spectra of major ampullate (MA) protein at 1% w/v in distilled water. The spiders prior to dissection were prevented from spinning, but fed and watered for at least 2 weeks. With time, the secondary structure of silk protein is becoming more and more disordered. The arrow indicates increasing time (days). Note that the amino acid composition of the silk protein was similar to that of a native N. edulis spider. Interestingly, silk protein extracted from the constrained spider did not respond to denaturing conditions (detergents, alcohols, pH, and salts Dicko et al, 2004a, 2005).

The higher alkene feed (C10-14) for the production of detergent alcohols is either a product from the wax-cracker (terminal and internal alkenes) or the byproduct of the ethene oligomerisation process (internal alkenes). In the near future a feed from high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch may be added to this. The desired aldehyde (or alcohol) product is the linear one and the cobalt catalyst must therefore perform several functions ... 

In 2001 Sasol announced the commercialisation of a Rh-catalysed hydroformylation technology, licensed from Kvaemer (Davy McKee), for conversion of Sasol s Fischer-Tropsch 1-alkenes to detergent alcohols, on 120 kt/a scale [55] that is probably using this technology. 

The next 10 chapters cover a collection of petrochemicals not altogether related to each other. Synthesis gas is a basic building block that leads to the manufacture of ammonia and methanol. MTBE is made from methanol from synthesis gas (with a little isobutylene thrown in). The alcohols in Chapter 14 and 15, the aldehydes in 16, the ketones in 17, and the acids in 18 are all closely related to each other by looks, though the routes to get to them are perplexingly different. Alpha olefins and the plasticizer and detergent alcohols have the same roots and routes, but different ones from the rest. Maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile, and the acrylates— well, they re all used to make polymers and they had to be somewhere. 

Higher than what Well, the higher alcohols start with Cg and go to Cl 8 plus. They are predominantly straight chains and they are used to make plasticizers and detergents. Consequently they are often referred to as j /asticizer alcohols (the Cg—C12 alcohols) and < erergent alcohols (C12—Cis alcohols). The detergent alcohols are also sometimes called the fetty alcohols, but that has to do with their origin, not their destination. 

Flexing the operating conditions of the versatile Ziegler process allows the distribution of the plasticizer alcohols (Cg-Ci-o) versus the detergent alcohols (Ci2—Cis) to vary from as low as 15% to as high as 85%. 

Other minor uses of detergent alcohols include lacquer solvent, synthetic lubricants (which need lots of different kinds of slippery long-chain molecules), antifoaming agents, herbicides, lube oil additives, and stabilizers for fire extinguisher foams. ... 

Table 15-3 Straighkhain plasticizer and detergent alcohol properties...

The lions share, 80-90%, of the alpha olefins produced in. the United States are used In five areas as comonomers in LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and HDPE (high density polyethylene), plasticizer alcohols, polyalpha olefins for use in synthetic lubricants, detergent alcohols, and surfactants. The comonomer demand started out exclusively as butene-1, but it is shifting toward hexene-1 and octene-1. Similarly, the specification... 

Detergent alcohol. The C12 to Cis range alcohols used to make detergents. 

The Cio-16 Olex process produces a range of high purity C10-16 internal linear olefin product. There are five licensed units with a combined capacity exceeding 340KMTA. Cio i3 olefin product is used as a feedstock for detergent LAB, Cn i4 olefin finds use in C -is detergent alcohols and Ci5 i,5 olefin is processed into the lubricants formed from poly-internal olefins (PIO). The detergent Olex process... 

LAOs are copolymerized with polyethylene to form linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). 1-Hexene and 1-octene are especially useful for this purpose. LLDPE accounts for the largest use (31%) of LAOs, while detergent alcohols (23%), lubricants and lube oil additives (17%), and 0x0 alcohols for plasticizers (10%) are other important uses. 

Figure 1. Heavy-duty detergency alcohol, nonionic (0.2% concentration 50 ppm...

In addition to primary skin processes, itchy xerotic skin can also be induced secondarily. For example, environmental factors such as rapid variations in relative humidity as well as the extremely windy, cold, and dry weather associated with the winter season induce skin dryness and itch. In addition, many commonly used topical products containing soaps, detergents, alcohol, and other irritants as well as hot water alone also lead to dry, itchy skin. 

Raw materials. The alcohols used in PE manufacture are typically detergent alcohols but shorter chains may also be used. Ethoxylated alcohols, used as non-ionic surfactants in their own right, can also be phosphated to give a surfactant with properties intermediate between non-ionic and sulphated anionic. The provenance of the alcohols has already been covered in detail in the Section 4.2. 

From route 1, the natural products , one can have Cio, C 2 and C14 from palm oil and C16 Cis and C2o from tallow. It is also possible to have Cig i from rapeseed. From roule 2, one gets the alcohols with the odd chain lengths Cg through to C15 in various cuts determined by the alpha olefin used. From route 3 one can make both plasticiser Cs to Q0 and detergent alcohols Q2 to C2o. Once again these are even chain numbers. From routes 4 and 5 one gets mixtures of odd and even chain numbers in roughly equal proportions. 

---