Oral lethal dose

Poly(tetramethylene ether) glycols were found to have low oral toxicity in animal tests. The approximate lethal oral dose, LD q, for Terathane 1000 has been found to be greater than 11,000 mg/kg (272). No adverse effects on inhalation have been observed. The polymer glycols are mild skin and eye irritants, and contact with skin, eyes, and clothing should be avoided. Goggles and gloves are recommended. In case of contact with the skin, wash thoroughly with water and soap. If swallowed, no specific intervention is indicated, because the compounds are not hazardous. However, a physician should be consulted (260). 

Inhalation of 3,000 ppm benzene can be tolerated for 0.5—1 h 7,500 ppm causes toxic effects in 0.5—1 h and 20,000 ppm is fatal in 5—10 min (123). The lethal oral dose for an adult is approximately 15 mL (124). Repeated skin contact is reported to cause drying, defatting, dermatitis, and the risk of secondary infection if fissuring occurs. 

Animal acute oral LD q, g/kg Toxicity rating Probable lethal oral dose for 70 kg person, g ... 

Dinitrophenol is a member of the aromatic family of pesticides, many of which exhibit insecticide and fungicide activity. DNP is considered to be highly toxic to humans, with a lethal oral dose of 14 to 43mg/kg. Environmental exposure to DNP occurs primarily from pesticide runoff to water. DNP is used as a pesticide, wood preservative, and in the manufacture of dyes. DNP is an uncoupler, or has the ability to separate the flow of electrons and the pumping of ions for ATP synthesis. This means that the energy from electron transfer cannot be used for ATP synthesis [75,77]. The mechanism of action of DNP is believed to inhibit the formation of ATP by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. 

The acute oral treatment of rats and mice did not induce any important behavioral change. Only at the highest dose (2,000 mg/kg) was some excitement observed in rats, but no animal died. The LD50 was, therefore, considered >2,000 mg/kg. Since only one mouse given that dose died, the lethal oral dose in that species was established to be 2,000 mg/kg [59,255]. 

HUMANS, Homo sapiens 100 pg/L 25-50 mg/kg BW 100 mg/kg BW Suicidal female swallowed 6 g chlordane, equivalent to 104 mg/kg BW Reduced growth and altered cell morphology in human cell cultures (USEPA 1980) Acute lethal oral dose (WHO 1984) Fatal (IARC 1979) Death in 9 days (WHO 1984)... 

The minimal lethal oral dose in humans was estimated to be 140 mg/kg (Bruce et al. 1987), which is similar to the lethal oral dose for a variety of animal species (see Table 2-2). Regardless of the route of administration, the sequence of events leading to death appears to be similar in a variety of animal species muscle weakness and tremors, loss of coordination, paralysis, convulsions, coma, and... 

Toxicity rating Probable lethal oral dose for humans ... 

There is no information concerning toxic effects in humans, although the probable lethal oral dose for humans is 5-50mg/kg. 

The oral LDso in rats was 2830mg/kg. Typical effects associated with acute lethal oral doses have included restlessness and increased respiratory rate, which appear quickly, followed shortly by tremors, convulsions, dyspnea, coma, and death. The primary toxic mechanism is the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. ... 

Workers exposed to an airborne fluoride concentration of 5mg/m complained of eye and respiratory tract irritation and nausea. The lethal oral dose of sodium fluoride for humans has been estimated to be 32-65 mg F/kg of body weight. Effects from ingestion are diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting excessive salivation, thirst, and perspiration painful spasms of the limbs and sometimes albuminuria." Gastrointestinal effects produced after the acute ingestion of toxic amounts of fluoride likely arise from the corrosive action of hydrofluoric acid, which is produced within the acidic environment of the stomach. Cardiac arrest after accidental exposure to high levels of fluoride has been attributed to the development of hypocalcemia and/or hyperkalemia. ... 

Ingestion of lethal amounts causes severe burns of the mouth and throat, marked abdominal pain, cyanosis, muscular weakness, collapse, coma, and death. Tremor, convulsions, and muscle twitching have also occurred. " The minimal lethal oral dose in humans has been estimated to be approximately 140mg/%. ... 

Although ingestion would not be expected in an occupational setting, the human lethal oral dose is about 1 mg/kg body weight. ... 

The lethal oral dose in humans is estimated to be 0.3-0.5 g/kg. Symptoms of inhalation, absorption, or ingestion in humans (inferred mostly from animal studies) may include numbness of oral mucous membranes, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle tremor, incoordination, clonic convulsions, and stupor. 

The lethal oral dose in humans is probably around 100, but doses as low as 16 mg have reportedly been fatal whereas doses of 2 000 mg have been survived. After ingestion, effects usually occur within 10-30 minutes and include stiffness of the face and neck muscles and increased reflex excitability. Strychnine acts by altering nerve impulses in the spinal cord, resulting in a decreased threshold for stimulation, and, hence, a hyperexcitable state. Any sensory stimulus may produce a violent motor response that, in the early stages of intoxication, tends to be a coordinated extensor thrust and, in later stages, may be a tetanic convulsion with opisthotonos anoxia and cyanosis develop rapidly. Between convulsions, muscular relaxation is complete, breathing is resumed, and cyanosis lessens. Because sensation is unaffected, the convulsions are painful and lead to overwhelming fear. As many as 10 convulsions separated by intervals of 10-15 minutes may be experienced, but death often occurs after the second to fifth convulsion, and even the first convulsion may be fatal if sustained death is commonly due to asphyxia.If recovery occurs, it is remarkably prompt and complete despite the violence of the illness muscle soreness may persist for a number of days. ... 

After ingestion, gastrointestinal effects such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea appear within 15 minutes and muscular fasciculations in the immediate area occur usually within 15 minutes to 4 hours. The lowest lethal oral dose in humans was approximately 1.4g/kg oral doses of 0.3mg/kg have caused abnormal muscle... 

Most fatal cases of poisoning have been due to accidental ingestion, resulting in convulsions and death due to respiratory arrest. " The lethal oral dose for humans is estimated to be 2-7 g. ... 

Single lethal oral dose of 5 mg/kg BW Nonrefrigerated muscle tissue... 

Naphthenic acids are only slightly toxic to mammals hut are toxic to fish, bacteria, and wood-destroying insects. The lethal oral dose for humans is approximately 1 L. Naphthenic acid is not listed as a carcinogen. 

In experimental animals, administration of a diet containing 2.5 or 5% activated charcoal substantially reduced mortality due to a single lethal oral dose of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in rats, mice, and guinea pigs (Manara et al. 1984). Also, feed with 0.25 or 0.5% cholic acid had a similar protective action in mice (Manara et al. 1984). The effect of activated charcoal was attributed to increased clearance of unabsorbed... 

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