Bronchial spasms

Serious coughing, bronchial spasms, <30 min exposure may be fatal Serious oedema, strangulation, asphyxia Fatal almost immediately... 

Serious coughing, bronchial spasms, bunring, and blistering of the skin less than 30 minutes... 

Perhaps one of the most effective agents currently available for the treatment of the bronchial spasms attendant to asthma is a synthetic agent that incorporates the chromone moiety. 

Bronchial spasm. Contraction of the smooth muscle of the air passages of the lungs resulting in difficult breathing. 

Compounds which act as antagonists at the receptors for beta sympathetic transmitters (beta blockers) have gained very wide acceptance as antihypertensive agents. It was found subsequent to their introduction that there are two populations of beta receptors the beta-1 receptors are richest in the cardiovascular system whereas beta-2 receptors are mostly found in the bronchi. Lack of receptor-type specificity led to bronchial spasm in some asthmatic individuals on ingestion of the earlier beta blockers. Much of the work outlined below had as its goal the preparation of agents which showed selectivity for beta-1 receptors. 

Isocyanates are quite toxic materials and need careful handling. They affect mainly the respiratory tract causing breathing difficulties, sore throats and, in extreme cases, bronchial spasms. Once they have been allowed to react, for example to form foams, they undergo complete conversion and appear to leave no toxic residues. 

Relaxant. Elder helps to relax bronchial spasms as well as asthma. On an emotional level, elder soothes nerves, calms anxiety and helps to lift one s spirits when feeling blue. Use elder to calm a sick, irritable person in need of a good night s sleep. Elder is also helpful in cases of anxiety and shock. Parts used flowers, berries. 

Mild Weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea, salivation, lacrimation, miosis, moderate bronchial spasm Convalescence in 1-3 days... 

Inhalation by humans could be expected to cause injury ranging from mild bronchial spasm to severe pulmonary edema the onset of severe respiratory symptoms may be delayed for 2-6 hours, and, after moderate exposure, the onset may not occur until 12-24 hours later. Prolonged or repeated exposure to low concentrations may induce chronic cough and wheezing pulmonary changes are nonfibrotic and nonprogressive. 

This drug exhibits broncholytic action by reducing cholinergic influence on bronchial musculature (m-cholinoblocking action). It relieves bronchial spasms. It is used to treat and prevent minor and moderate bronchial asthma, especially asthma that is accompanied by cardiovascular system diseases. Synonyms of this drug are atrovent, introp, iprafen, and... 

Papaverine is an opium alkaloid initially isolated in the mid-1800s. It relaxes smooth muscle and is a potent vasodilator. As such it is used to dilate pulmonary and other arteries. It is therefore sometimes of use in the treatment of angina pectoris (usually caused by partial blockage of the coronary artery), heart attacks and bronchial spasms. 

Use and exposure Selenium is an essential trace element for human health. However, acute and prolonged periods of exposure to high concentrations of selenium compounds cause adverse health effects in humans. The symptoms include garlicky breath irritation of eyes, skin, nose, and throat visual disturbances headache nausea vomiting chills fever weakness violent cough bitter metallic taste in the mouth nose bleeds dyspnea bronchial spasms bronchitis pulmonary edema gastrointestinal tract disturbance ... 

The disadvantage are toxicity and flammability. Ammonia has a corrosive effect on tissues and can cause laryngeal, bronchial spasm and edema, which lead to obstructed breathing. Ammonia s flammability range in air is 16-25% by volume. It is usually characterized as hard to ignite (71). A suitable ammonia detection system with alarm should be installed and well maintained. Detectors should sound an alarm at the lowest practical level, not to exceed 1000 ppm. 

Tanphaichitr K. D-peniciUamine-induced bronchial spasm. South Med J 1980 73(6) 788-90. 

Probably, the most frequent use for single centres is where a particularly uncommon indication is treated, for example Turner s syndrome, or a technique is practised, for example artificially induced bronchial spasm, where there are sufficient appropriate subjects for meaningful analysis and where there is sufficient experience and knowledge to minimise the risks to the study subjects. 

---