Injection conjunctival

A 47-year-old woman undergoing face peeling with 35% trichloroacetic acid developed left eye burning sensation, excessive tearing, marked conjunctival injection, conjunctival infection, and mild inferior superficial punctuate keratitis involving 25% of the cornea [32],... 

Ketotifen 1 drop in affected eye(s) twice daily Red eyes (conjunctival injection), headache... 

Adverse reactions may include tachycardia arrhythmias hypertension burning and stinging conjunctival injection. 

Ophthalmic-Transient stinging and burning corneal clouding persistent bullous keratopathy retinal detachment transient ciliary and conjunctival injection ciliary spasm with resultant temporary decrease of visual acuity. 

Dermal/Ocular Effects. Skin rashes have been infrequently reported in humans after inhalation exposure (Gordon 1944 McGuire 1932). No data were available on effects by oral exposure or dermal contact. Because the effects were sporadic, no firm conclusions can be made regarding the potential effects of carbon tetrachloride on the skin in humans. No reports are available on the effects of carbon tetrachloride on the eyes. In mice, selective localization of bound radioactivity was observed in the conjunctival epithelium after intravenous injection (Brittebo et al. 1990). However, in the absence of carbon tetrachloride-induced lesions in the conjunctiva, the significance of this metabolism and molecular binding is not clear. 

TFIC is usually consumed via smoking cannabis, but it can also be ingested orally. Cannabis intoxication is typically characterized by an initial period of euphoria, followed by a period of drowsiness or sedation. Impaired motor coordination, anxiety, a sensation of slowed time, impaired judgement, social withdrawal, conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia are frequently observed during cannabis intoxication. Use of excessive amounts has been associated with development of panic attacks and paranoia. 

As Is often observed with cannabis, conjunctival blood vessel Injection was common. Body temperatures decreased, sometimes by 3-4°F. These changes were generally dose-dependent. Dryness of the mouth and throat, nasal stuffiness, apathy, and nausea were common, and their Intensity was dose-related. 

In 1969, 31 subjects had ocular Instillations of either 0.12 or 0.25X CS In water with 0.5X polyaorbate 20 or 0.05- 1.0Z CS In trioctyl phosphate In their right eyes. The subjects experienced intense ocular Irritation and lacrlmatlon. Acute conjunctival Injection lasted 1 h. No fluorescein staining of the cornea was seen under ultraviolet Illumination. In one subject, corneal staining, visualized with the slit lamp, resolved In 24 h.34 35... 

An ophthalmic preparation seems to be efficacious for conjunctival inflammation and to reduce pain after traumatic corneal abrasion. Gingival inflammation is reduced after administration of indomethacin oral rinse. Epidural injections produce a degree of pain relief similar to that achieved with methylprednisolone in postlaminectomy syndrome. 

Studies of omalizumab in asthmatic volunteers showed that its administration over 10 weeks lowered plasma IgE to undetectable levels and significantly reduced the magnitude of both the early and the late bronchospastic responses to antigen challenge. Clinical trials have shown repeated intravenous or subcutaneous injection of anti-IgE MAb to lessen asthma severity and reduce the corticosteroid requirement in patients with moderate to severe disease, especially those with a clear environmental antigen precipitating factor, and to improve nasal and conjunctival symptoms in patients with perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis. 

Indomethacin enjoys the usual indications for use in rheumatic conditions and is particularly popular for gout and ankylosing spondylitis. In addition, it has been used to treat patent ductus arteriosus. Indomethacin has been tried in numerous small or uncontrolled trials for many conditions, including Sweet s syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, pleurisy, nephrotic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, urticarial vasculitis, postepisiotomy pain, and prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification in arthroplasty, and many others. An ophthalmic preparation seems to be efficacious for conjunctival inflammation (alone and in combination with gentamicin) to reduce pain after traumatic corneal abrasion. Gingival inflammation is reduced after administration of indomethacin oral rinse. Epidural injections produce a degree of pain relief similar to that achieved with methylprednisolone in postlaminectomy syndrome. 

In children, physical examination may reveal dark circles under the eyes (allergic shiners), a transverse nasal crease caused by repeated rubbing of the nose, adenoidal breathing, edematous nasal turbinates coated with clear secretions, tearing, conjunctival injection and edema, and periorbital swelling. Physical findings are generally less obvious in adults. 

Capsaicin causes conjunctivitis, periorbital edema/ erythema, ophthalmodynia, blepharospasm, blepharitis, corneal abrasions, and lacrimation. In a retrospective study of 81 patients who presented to the emergency department following aerosol exposure from law enforcement use of OC, 56% of individuals developed ophthalmodynia, 44% conjunctivitis, 40% conjunctival erythema, 13% lacrimation, and 9% comeal abrasions (Watson et al, 1996). Another study involved exposure of 47 human volunteers to OC for evaluating effects on the cornea and conjunctivae (Zolhnan et al, 2000). All subjects reported significant eye pain, blurred vision, and lacrimation 10 min after exposure to OC pepper spray, but symptoms improved by 1 h later. Comeal abrasions were not apparent, but 21% of subjects showed evidence of punctate epithelial erosions and reduced comeal sensitivity. Comeal abnormalities were absent 1 week after exposure. Another human study identified 23% of subjects (7 of 30) with comeal abrasions following aerosol exposure to OC spray (Watson et al, 1996). In mice, a single subcutaneous injection of 12.5, 25,... 

Prolonged irrigation, application with a conjunctival pledget, or subconjimctiv injection of the 10% solution is not recommended. 

Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis Retinal detachment Conjunctival injection ... 

Occasional development of Probable development of some adrenal adrenal suppression suppression Aggravation of a dendritic ulcer Discomfort with injection White residue possible Occasional white material, which is Epithelial keratopathy from cosmetically objectionable frequent applications Subconjunctival adhesions Occasional conjunctival infections Allergy to diluent Occasional orbital infection Occasional intraocular injection of steroid Ulceration of conjunctiva after repeated injections if not given behind the eye Exophthalmos and rugae in fundus Papilledema Adrenal suppression Occurrence of systemic side effects more likely... 

The efficacy of LE 0.2% and 0.5% has been compared with a placebo vehicle in patients in whom seasonal allergic conjimctivitis has been diagnosed. Patients on either concentration of LE had fewer signs and symptoms, including severity of itching and bulbar conjunctival injection, than did the placebo groups when treated four times daily for 6 weeks. 

CeUulitis can pose a significant risk for morbidity and mortality if undiagnosed. For this reason the practitioner needs to differentiate preseptal celluUtis from the more serious orbital ceUulitis (Table 23-1). Chemosis, conjunctival injection, and pain on eye movement occur more often in orbital ceUulitis both conditions present with redness and swelling of the eyelid. When a swoUen Ud... 

Diagnosis. In the classic form, vesicles form along the eyelid margin and/or periocular skin (Figure 23-16). The lesions are clear, pinhead in size, and have an inflamed erythematous base.Typically, within 1 week of presentation the vesicles break and ulcerate, resulting in a painful edematous blepharitis or dermatitis.The involved portion of the lid usually demonstrates mild swelling and tenderness. Pronounced conjunctival injection, a secondary follicular conjunctivitis, a weepy wet eye, and a regional lymphadenopathy may all be present. 

Figure 25-8 Epidemic keratoconjimctivitis affecting right eye first and then left eye. Note more intense involvement of right eye. Marked conjunctival injection and chemosis, subconjimctival hemorrhages, and eyelid edema are present. (Courtesy William Wallace, O.D.)...

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