Ultraviolet illumination

Fluorescein Staining. Cup the lower lid of the eye to be tested and instill one drop of a 2% (in water) sodium fluorescein solution onto the surface of the cornea. After 15 s, thoroughly rinse the eye with physiological saline. Examine the eye, employing a hand-held long-wave ultraviolet illuminator in a darkened room. Comeal lesions, if present, appear as bright yellowish-green fluorescent areas. 

In ultraviolet light (320-400 nm) birds can see, rather than smell, urine and feces on vole trails. In the laboratory, kestrels, Falco tinnunculus, spent more time near ultraviolet-illuminated, artificial urine- and feces-soaked trails of voles. Micro tus agrcstis, than near such trails in visible light, and clean trails under both... 

Fig. 6. Apoptotic DNA ladder pattern of eosinophils treated with dexamethasone (Dexa, 2 (xM) for 18 h (Zl). DNA was extracted from cells with ethanol (P4) and electrophoresed on 1% agarose gel in 1 X TAE (Tris acetate-EDTA) buffer (pH 8.0). After electrophoresis, the gel was soaked in 1 x TAE buffer containing 0.5 /tg/ml ethidium bromide, and DNA was visualized by an ultraviolet illuminator. Reproduced with permission from Zhang, J. R, Wong, C. K., Lam, C. W. K., Ho, C. Y., and Hjelm, N. M., Biochemical assessment of apoptosis. Chinese J. Lab. Med. Clin. Sci. 1, 27-28 (2000).

In 1969, 31 subjects had ocular Instillations of either 0.12 or 0.25X CS In water with 0.5X polyaorbate 20 or 0.05- 1.0Z CS In trioctyl phosphate In their right eyes. The subjects experienced intense ocular Irritation and lacrlmatlon. Acute conjunctival Injection lasted 1 h. No fluorescein staining of the cornea was seen under ultraviolet Illumination. In one subject, corneal staining, visualized with the slit lamp, resolved In 24 h.34 35... 

The photosensitivity and its increase after ultraviolet illumination was confirmed by electrophotographic methods for polymers with triple bonds... 

The powerful role of the exitonic migration was proved on the basis of the luminescence and photosensitivity investigations [270]. The preliminary ultraviolet illumination of PAC increases the photosensitivity and decreases the luminescence. The experimental data are given in Fig. 40. One can see the redistribution of the maxima intensity in the spectra without changing their positions. Apparently ultra violet illumination promotes the photolysis of the weak coordination bonds. This leads to the changing of the polymer homolog content. Stimulated exciton dissociation on the ruptured bonds results in an increase in the photosensitivity and a luminescence decrease. The experiments carried out at 77 K show that in the luminescence spectrum of irradiated frozen PAC a new maximum appears with a position close to the phosphorescence maximum of diphenylbutadiene. So the rupture of weak coordination bonds under ultraviolet irradiation was proved. 

Fig. 40. Photoelectromotive force (1J) and luminescence (3,4) spectra of polycopperphenylacetylen-ide before (1,3) and after (2,4) preliminary ultraviolet illumination [270]...

Acid (pH 3) ammonium oxalate has been widely used to dissolve iron and aluminium oxides and release bound trace metals since its introduction in 1922 (Tamm, 1922) (Tamm s reagent). Typically McLaren et al. (1986) used 0.17moll-1 ammonium oxalate +0.1 moll- 1 oxalic acid. The extraction is sensitive to light (Mitchell and Mackenzie, 1954) and particularly to ultraviolet light (Endredy, 1963). Schwertmann (1964) showed that in the dark the amorphous iron oxides were mainly attacked and under ultraviolet illumination the crystalline phases were dissolved as effectively as by the dithionite reagent. Heavy metals are released, with the exception of lead and cadmium whose oxalates are poorly soluble and which coprecipitate with calcium oxalate. The use of oxalic... 

Fig. 6.14. Agarose gel electrophoresis of Echinococcus granulosus (horse strain) RNA. The samples in lanes 1,2,7 and 16 were prepared in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, and were not denatured. The samples in lanes 3, 4, 8 and 13-15 were denatured in 50% (w/v) dimethylsulphoxide in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. The samples in lanes 5,6,9 and 10 12 were denatured in 1 m glyoxal/3 m urea in 10mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. Lanes 1,3 and 5, E. granulosus total nucleic acids (10 fig) lanes 2,4 and 6, E. granulosus RNA (5 fig) lanes 7,8 and 9, Escherichia coli RNA (10 fig) lanes 10-16, Schistosoma mansoni RNA (10 fig). The E. coli RNA was included as a molecular weight marker the larger subunit is approximately 1 000 000 and the smaller subunit is 500 000. The RNA was visualised by staining with ethidium bromide and ultraviolet illumination. (After McManus et al., 1985.)...

The use of fluorescent compounds can be coupled with video-imaging analysis to produce exposure estimates over virtually the entire body (Fenske and Bim-baum, 1997). This approach requires pre- and post-exposure images of skin surfaces under long-wavelength ultraviolet illumination, development of a standard curve relating dermal fluorescence to skin-deposited tracer, and chemical residue sampling to quantify the relationship between the tracer and the chemical substance of interest as they are deposited on the skin. 

Cant and Cole [100] investigated the photocatalytic reaction between nitric oxide and ammonia over Ti02 wafers which were placed in a reaction chamber based on a standard UHV cross. These samples were ultraviolet illuminated while recording the infrared spectrum of the wafer. The reactions of NH3 and NO and the reaction... 

Reaction with olefins. Study of the reaction of cvclohexenc with N-bromoacetam-ide in carbon tetrachloride solution under ultraviolet illumination established that the initial product is (rans-acetamidocyclohexyl bromide.12 There was no evidence of allylic bromination. 

After the recording of observations at 24 hours, the eyes of any or all rabbits may be further examined after applying fluorescein stain. For this optional examination, one drop of fluorescein sodium ophthalmic solution (U.S.P. or equivalent) is dropped directly on the cornea. After flushing out the excess fluorescein with tap water or isotonic solution of sodium chloride (U.S.P. or equivalent), injured areas of the cornea appear yellow and are best seen under ultraviolet illumination. 

Matthews, R. W., 1989, Photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption of methylene blue on thin films of near-ultraviolet-illuminated Ti02- J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 85(6) 1291-1302. 

Fig. 3.6 Secretion of the biopharmaceuticais via tobacco roots. The tobacco piants are geneticaiiy modified in such a way, that the protein is secreted via the roots into the medium ( rhizosecretion ). in this exampie, the tobacco plant takes up nutrients and water from the medium and releases GFP (green fluorescent protein). Examination of root-cultivation medium by its exposure to near-ultraviolet illumination reveals the bright green-blue fluorescence characteristics of GFP in the hydroponic medium (left flask in panel lower left edge). The picture also shows a schematic drawing of the hydroponic tank, as well as tobacco plants at different growth stages, for example, callus,-fully grown and greenhouse plantation [24].

Figure 16.15 Colloidal suspeusion of CdSe quantum dots of iucieasiug size from left (approximately 1.8 nm) to right (approximately 4.0 mn). Bottom Samples viewed in ambient light vary in color from green-yeUow to orange-red. Top The same samples viewed under long-wave ultraviolet illumination vary in their color of emission from blue to yellow. (Reproduced with permission from E. M. Boatman et al., 2005. J. Chem. Ed. 82 1697-1699. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society.) (See color insert.)...

Complete erasing of the recording information can be completely erased by ultraviolet illumination. Dual-use chromophore molecules allow to write both irreversible photochromic and erasable photorefractive holographic gratings into the same storage volume. ... 

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