Initiating a project

As the result of a number of recent incidents caused by inappropriate handling of reactive chemicals, CCPS initiated a project in 2001 to develop additional management guidelines for reactive hazards. A CCPS technical steering committee documented the urgent need for... 

The intention of this section is to provide to the reader a rapid and comprehensive reference for the most common definitions and acronyms used in mass spectrometry. Currently lUPAC has initiated a project to update and extend the definitions of terms related to the field of mass spectrometry. The definitions presented here (Table 1.6) are from the third draft document [16]. For more details and the latest updates, please consult www.msterms.com. 

Forman kept these notes in two volumes, now bound as Ashm. 1494 and 1491 respectively, with some pages now in Sloane, 3822, fos. 6-19, 68-102. I am indebted to David Pingree for assembling a copy of these volumes in which most of the pages from Sloane 3822 are reinstated, and to Carol Kaske for providing me with a copy of this document and initiating a project to edit it. 

The Baltimore Museum of Art hosts the Cone collection including many works by Matisse. Bronze sculptures by Matisse were cast using different methods (lost wax and sand cast) and in different foundries. Ann Boulton of the Baltimore Museum of Art initiated a project aimed at determining whether or not different compositions of Matisse bronze sculptures could be correlated to different manufacturing techniques or locations. The project started while the author was a post-doctoral fellow at the Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, now Museum Conservation Institute, and involved other analytical techniques (12). The results presented here were obtained at the Field Museum of Natural History. 

In all cases above, the center of the electron s orbit (in the plane of the orbit) must be held within X(= c/oig). A specific scheme for accomplishing this is discussed in Ref. 24. At NBS we have initiated a project along these lines. At first, low order division (n < 10) where uig and fl are both microwave frequencies will be tried. Aside from the practical application discussed here, such an experiment is interesting in terms of the fundamental nonlinear interactions of simple elementary systems. 

The development, validation, and application of TEFs have been reviewed regularly since 1984 by Safe [25,36,37]. The limitations of this approach have been identified [38]. To assess the relative potencies and to derive consensus on TEFs for PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs, the WHO-European Centre for Environmental and Health (WHO-ECEH) and the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) have initiated a project and published their interim report [39]. The most important limitations, namely possible synergism or antagonism among dioxins and its stereo isomers and the lack of pharmacokinetic consideration, have been addressed in this report. USEPA researchers [40] showed that the relative potency of PCBs, PCDFs, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD is tissue specific and thus estimates of TEFs based on hepatic EROD activity is limited. Additionally, limitations of TEFs based on mammalian models to aquatic species have been demonstrated [41]. The international initiative on TEFs has recognized these pitfalls and recommended development of TEFs for fish and other wildlife. 

The principles for evaluations have been continuously reviewed and updated to take account of new scientific knowledge. FAO and WHO have recently initiated a project to update and consolidate principles for the assessment of food additives, contaminants, residues of veterinary drugs in food, and pesticide residues in food. 

In this section, we describe optimization of an industrial ecosystem (IE) having 6 plants for multiple economic and environmental objectives. The motivation and model of this IE follows that of Singh and Lou (2006) for an IE with 4 plants. The industrial symbiosis of Kalundborg, Denmark (Jacobsen, 2006), is the classic example of an IE. It began in 1961 when there was limited supply of ground water and the oil refinery, Statoil, initiated a project to utilize the surface water from Lake Tiss0. Thereafter, the number of partners gradually increased as about 20 more collaborative projects were introduced. Today, there are a total of 8... 

Development of imidazolinone-resistant corn provides new markets for products currently being sold by American Cyanamid. Resistant corn also offers farmers new weed control options. For these reasons, in 1982 American Cyanamid initiated a project to introduce imidazolinone-resistance into this important crop species. 

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), in cooperation with the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the National Petrochemical and Refiners Association (NPRA), has initiated a project to determine the mercury content of crude oil processed in the United States. The focus of the project is to determine the mean concentration and range of concentrations of total mercury in crude oil accurately and with statistical justification. Data generated in the project will be used to calculate the maximum potential contribution of crude oil mercury to anthropogenic mercury emissions in the United States. 

Our group has initiated a project to search for milder methods for the preparation of organometallic peptide conjugates by SPPS. By using a base-labile linker to the resin and suitable side-chain protecting groups, we were able to prepare acid-sensitive organometallics amendable to SPPS techniques. As an example, enkephalin derivatives with the covalently bound Mo(allyl)(GO)2 moiety such as 17 were successfully prepared (Scheme 19). An attractive... 

In 1985, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) initiated a project to produce the Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures. This document, prepared by Battelle, includes many system safety analysis tools. Even though frequently identified as hazard and operability (HazOp) programs, the methods being developed by the petrochemical industry to use preliminary hazard analyses, fault trees, failure modes, effects, and criticality analyses, as well as similar techniques to identify, analyze, and control risks systematically, look very much like system safety efforts tailored for the petrochemical industry (Goldwaite 1985). 

Make absolutely certain there is strong and continuing support for the SCM initiative from senior management before initiating a project. Without that support, the project will degenerate into a theoretical exercise, or worse, be seen simply as just another... 

Initially, a project activity sequence network may be prepared by following the logical sequence of individual activities being performed when all the required information, or previous related activities, are... 

The discovery of aldosterone and of hyperaldosteronism are linked to observations made on individuals exposed to excessive heat. The invasion of North Africa in World War II by the forces of the Axis brought a large number of allied troops to live in a hot and wet climate. In face of this necessity the U. S. Army initiated a project aimed at the study of adaptation to heat and humidity. The study revealed that exposure to heat is associated with increased urinary nitrogen, decreased urinary sodium and decreased excretion of sodium in sweat. After a few days of exposure to heat the homeostatic regulatory mechanisms of the body take over. The negative nitrogen balance decreases and the sweat gland retention of sodium is compensated by increased sodium excretion in the urine. When deoxycorticosteroids were administered experimentally similar observations were made tran-... 

So in 2011, the Cairns public health unit initiated a project to develop an integrated systematic approach to assessing environmental health issues and priorities after a disaster. Cairns worked with other northern Queensland local governments, indigenous and non-indigenous community agencies, the Red Cross, and the State Health Department [47]. 

Management has the responsibility to provide clear information and goals, up fi ont, based on their needs and initial research. Before initiating a project, the company executive should be familiar with daily operation of the facility and analyze how the company works, how jobs are done by the staff, and what tools are needed to accomplish the work. Some points that may need to be considered by an executive before initiating a project include... 

With the help of (insert name of consultants), who have recently worked on similar projects (where), we have initiated a project to further improve safety at work. This approach is different because it is employee owned and employee driven. (You might want to tell them more about the consultants at this point.)... 

Light olefins are in fact intermediates in the MTG process. Careful control-Hng of the reaction conditions, e.g., temperature, pressure, and catalyst acidity can prompt the production of fight olefins in the process of methanol conversion. Mobil s researchers demonstrated the MTO process based on ZSM-5 zeolites. In 1982, the scientists at DICP initiated a project on MTO research under the support by Chinese government and Chinese Academy of Sciences. A 300 t/a MT O-fixed bed pilot plant was constructed and operated in 1993 by DICP (Tian et al., 2015). 

To improve the quality of risk analysis especially in dealing with the operational phases NPD initiated a project (0ien, 2000) not just to obtain more correct risk estimates but to develop new means for risk control. The project has great similarities to I-risk (Oh, J.I.H. et al, 1998) and SAM (Murthy Pate-Comell, 1996). Some oil companies were very critical to the project, officially on methodological grounds, but mainly due to fear of cost. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners initiated a project named Roll Back Malaria in 1998 (9). Its objective is a 50% reduction of the malaria burden by 2010. To reach its objective, the Roll Back Malaria project wanted to promote the development of a long-lasting insecticidal net. A long-lasting insecticidal net was important because re-treatment rates after washing are very low even in urban areas, and it is difficult to access remote areas. 

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