What-if tool

To elegantly present the results of a Conjoint Analysis, the values derived from respondents can be converted to a market simulator what-if tool). Some software programs worthy of investigation are SAS, SPSS, and Sawtooth. 

What-If tool Purpose—To capture the input of personnel in a brainstorming-like environment. 

The What if..method, the checklist, and HAZOP are well-publicized hazard identification tools. CCPS (1992) presents guidance on the use of these tools. 

The What-if, the checklists and Hazop are well publicized hazard identification tools. But as Bollinger et al. (1996) have pointed out the use of any of these techniques demands knowledge, experience and flexibility. No prescriptive set of questions or key words or list is sufficient to cover all processes, hazards and all impacted populations. Bollinger et al. find that refinement of the quantitative measurement techniques such as safety indices and convergence to a single set of accepted indices would be beneficial. 

The layered structure of feedforward neural networks provides a flexible tool that allows us to relate input data to some desired output, but what if there is no output Can a neural network still do something useful Rather curiously, the answer is yes, if we are prepared to employ a different kind of neural network. Numerous classification tasks exist in science, in which... 

The team uses its judgment and experience to find credible causes. Structured brainstorming may employ tools such as what if and five whys. 

Checklists may also be used to supplement other tools for example, checklists on human factors may be used in conjunction with logic trees. Similarly, checklists may be used in combination with structured brainstorming tools such as What If/Checklist and Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Analysis.(P It is also a good practice to apply a tool like the 5-Whys to the root causes identified from the checklist to verify whether they are truly root causes. 

Checklists may also be used in combination with structured brainstorming tools, such as What If/Checklist Analysis. 

If you already use a spreadsheet, you can skip this section. The computer spreadsheet is an essential tool for manipulating quantitative information. In analytical chemistry, spreadsheets can help us with calibration curves, statistical analysis, titration curves, and equilibrium problems. Spreadsheets allow us to conduct what if experiments such as investigating the effect of a stronger acid or a different ionic strength on a titration curve. We use Microsoft Excel in this book as a tool for solving problems in analytical chemistry. Although you can skip over spreadsheets with no loss of continuity, spreadsheets will enrich your understanding of chemistry and provide a valuable tool for use outside this course. 

Calculation of the pHf and LSI has become standard procedure as a tool for the management of cooling systems everywhere around the world. The LSI is typically calculated for actual sources of makeup water and actual recirculating cooling waters. It is also used in what if situations to compare predictions of recirculating water scaling or corrosion potentials, both at current cycles of concentration and at various proposed future cycles of concentration. 

NOTE In order to use LSI and SI as simple predictive tools in what if cooling water situations, always use the makeup water as a starting point. It will still remain necessary to make a reasonable attempt at estimating the likely pH of the recirculating water ( pHacluai) under various theoretical cycles of concentration. 

Realistic predichons of study results based on simulations can be made only with realistic simulation models. Three types of models are necessary to mimic real study observations system (drug-disease) models, covariate distribution models, and study execution models. Often, these models can be developed from previous data sets or obtained from literature on compounds with similar indications or mechanisms of action. To closely mimic the case of intended studies for which simulations are performed, the values of the model parameters (both structural and statistical elements) and the design used in the simulation of a proposed trial may be different from those that were originally derived from an analysis of previous data or other literature. Therefore, before using models, their appropriateness as simulation tools must be evaluated to ensure that they capture observed data reasonably well [19-21]. However, in some circumstances, it is not feasible to develop simulation models from prior data or by extrapolation from similar dmgs. In these circumstances, what-if scenarios or sensitivity analyses can be performed to evaluate the impact of the model uncertainty and the study design on the trial outcome [22, 23]. 

The event trees represented in Figures 2.2 and 2.3 are most effectively utilized when they are automated so that the output of one or more models is fed directly into subsequent models. The availability of event trees in consequence analysis tools enables the user to efficiently perform sensitivity and what-if analysis as well as mitigation effectiveness assessment. 

Checklists can be user friendly if properly prepared by experienced engineers. Such checklists can be very useful tools to assist less experienced engineers in considering situations that Fault Trees Analysis may find if given enough time or that What Ifs may overlook. 

The foremost benefit of spectral simulation tools is to simplify the exploration of various "what if " scenarios in MRS experimentation. Spectral simulation is much like the first "killer app" for the personal computer, VisiCalc. That program enabled users, originally in business but eventually in a wide variety of fields, to model and ask "what if" questions about a range of mathematical and business trends. It simplified laborious pencil and paper calculations that took hours or days into electronic operations that took seconds. As a PC application, no longer was it just large corporations with specialized software and mainframes who could afford to mathematically model business trends. The introduction of a... 

What if color coding is not used (wiring, piping, signs, safety tools, etc.)... 

As such. Provocation and Movement is one of the hest tools for generating outside-the-box ideas—if you re open to questioning the status quo, imagining what if, and shocking yourself into a new reality. 

The successful development of a new pharmaceutical product requires careful planning of various activities and resources, as well as tracking the project s progress. A small project is not difficult to monitor manually however, multiple projects benefit from an automated tool to support the planning process as well as the monitoring of various activities. In addition, these systems will help develop what if scenarios for the resources in the new projects as well as help to terminate the projects. Several project management systems currently available on the market are designed to fulfill these needs. These systems are available for all types of computers—from personal computers to mainframes. 

This software is available commercially for almost all types of computers and is becoming a valuable tool to solve mathematical problems. The data are entered in the form of tables, the mathematical formulae are defined, and at the push of a button the answer is obtained. The user can easily modify the formula as well as add rows or columns of data and obtain the results easily and quickly. As such, this software enables the user to determine what-if scenarios for the problem at hand. It also is extremely valuable in helping the pharmacist compute percent composition and the amount of each ingredient necessary for preparing different strengths of dosage forms. In addition to providing the computational ability, the software also enables the user to prepare data and information in the form of tables and plots. 

Querying. In the process industry it is very important to be able to answer structural (What is) questions as well as functional (What if). RCS integrate this capability in its structure while in the PCA it is generally done using external tools. 

The Value of Eco-Efficiency Analyses. The value of the eco-efiiciency analysis tool, apart from its description of the current state, results from the recognition of dominant influences and the illustration of what if... scenarios. The stability of the results is verified by means of sensitivity analyses in every project. Underlying assumptions as well as system boundaries and societal weighting factors are varied and checked within realistic ranges. The results of an eco-efficiency analysis make it possible to identify weaknesses in products and processes over the entire lifecycle. This allows us to identify factors with significant optimization potentials. 

Conclusions. The ELISA method may be a promising tool for analysis of several of the nitroaromatic compounds found at NPL hazardous waste sites. Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene at a lower limit of 1 ng/mL under the conditions of this ELISA suggest that direct detection of 10 ng/mL of these nitroaromatics may be accomplished in environmental samples without sample concentration. Investigations are underway to analyze soil and water samples to determine what, if any, matrix effects there will be in these ELISAs. 

More sophisticated approaches to predict the extent of oral absorption of drugs use mathematical models based on the known physiology and utilizing simple physicochemical measurements as input. The GastroPlus [4] program is a commercial tool that utilizes an advanced compartmental and transit model, based on the work of Amidon and Yu [5], and allows what-if questions to be posed to enable pharmaceutical optimization (see Chapter 17). For instance, the impact of morphology, formulation, and/or particle size changes, and sensitivity analysis to include errors in parameters on the prediction, can be considered. 

---