Nitrogen urinary

The principal nitrogenous urinary excretion product in humans resulting from the catabolism of AMP is... 

Table 1. Major Nitrogenous Urinary Excretory Products...

In some patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), intraglomerular coagulation plays a role in depositing fibrinogen (235,236). IgAN patients treated with urokinase show a marked improvement in urinary protein concentration, semm creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels (237). 

The increase in diet-tissue spacing has been proposed to be caused by the effects of water and heat stress on urinary nitrogen excretion. The model has been described in detail previously (Ambrose 1991) and will be briefly summarized here Nitrogen is excreted mainly as urinary urea. Its 6 N value is substantially (2-5%o) more negative than that of the diet (Steele Daniel 1978 Yoneyama et al. 1983). Under heat and water stress the concentration... 

Schoeninger, M.J. and DeNiro, M.J. 1984 Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48 625-639. Schuette, S. A., Hegsted, M., Zemel, B. and Linkswiler, H.M. 1981 Renal acid, urinary cyclic AMP, and hydroxyproline excretion as affected by level of protein, sulfur amino acids and phosphorus intake. Journal of Nutrition 111 2106-2116. 

Monitor the patient for resolution of hematuria after each successive therapeutic intervention. Frequency of monitoring is based on the severity of hemorrhaging. Monitor urinary output and serum chemistries (including sodium, potassium, chloride, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine) daily for renal dysfunction. Check the CBC at least daily to monitor hemoglobin and platelet count. 

Blood lead levels, urinary lead levels, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance (CCT), and NAG were measured in 158 male and 51 female workers in a lead battery factory or a lead smelting plant in Japan (Ong et al. 1987). Controls consisted of 30 professional and laboratory staff members with no history of renal disease or lead exposure. The length of exposure to lead averaged 10.8 8.0 years with a range of 1-36 years. Exposure levels were not available, but indicators of lead body burden in the exposed workers were PbB level = 3.0-80.0 pg/dL and urinary lead level =... 

A number of workers have described methods for the determination of mercury in which the mercury is first reduced to the element or collected as the sulfide on a cadmium sulfide pad. It is then volatilized into a chamber for measurement. These techniques are extremely sensitive. Thillez108) recently described a procedure for urinary mercury in which the mercury is collected on platinum and then volatilized into an air stream. Rathje109) treated 2 ml of urine with 5 ml of nitric acid for 3 min, diluted to 50 ml, and added stannuous chloride to reduce the mercury to the element. A drop of Antifoam 60 was added and nitrogen was blown through the solution to carry the mercury vapor into a quartz end cell where it is measured. Six nanograms of mercury can be detected. Willis 93) employed more conventional methods to determine 0.04 ppm of mercury in urine by extracting it with APDC into methyl-n-amyl ketone. Berman n°) extracted mercury with APDC into MIBK to determine 0.01 ppm. 

Hall et at. 300) described an indirect method for the determination of urinary a-amino nitrogen. Copper is solubilized from insoluble copper phosphate by complexing with a-amino groups at slightly alkaline pH. The remaining copper phosphate is removed by filtration and the filtrate is diluted 1 10 or 1 20 with 0. IN hydrochloric acid to measure the dissolved copper by atomic absorption. Standards are prepared using alanine. 

The determination of amino nitrogen before and after acid hydrolysis of urine has frequently been used for the quantitative estimation of the amount of urinary peptides (H5, M4). The number of liberated a-amino groups represents, in fact, the whole of formerly combined amino groups, not necessarily attached to a second amino acid partner. Besides, considerable losses connected with decomposition of some amino acids occur in the course of hydrolysis thus limiting the true quantitative value of this procedure. 

None of the exposures produced changes in clinical chemistry values (blood count, blood nitrate, blood urea nitrogen, serum enzymes, and serum electrolytes or urinalysis and nitrate and nitrite urinary excretion), spontaneous electrical activity of the cortex of the brain (detected by EEG), pulse rate and sinus rhythm, or pulmonary function. Visual and auditory acuity, exercise EKG, and time estimation tests did not differ from control values for any of the exposures. Only one of several cognitive tests was affected by exposure and the change occurred only in the four subjects exposed at 1.5 ppm. The test was taken during the time the subjects were experiencing severe headaches. 

Bricker et al. (30) reported that there were no statistically significant differences between the calcium balances of eight women on cocoa and non-cocoa diets. The women were studied for three to seven 4-day periods. Calcium intake was 670 mg/day with the addition of milk and 679 and 755 mg/day with the addition of milk and cocoa. Five levels of cocoa, supplying from 5.6-52.6 g/day, were tested. These amounts would likely contain from 25-280 mg of oxalic acid, which was not nearly as much as was added when spinach was fed. With the inclusion of cocoa in the diet, the urinary calcium fell and fecal calcium rose. There were also increases in the fecal excretion of dry matter and nitrogen. 

The prediction of retention times in a given eluent from log P has been proposed for aromatic hydrocarbons.19 The log A values of phenols21 and nitrogen-containing compounds22 were also related to their logP, and the calculated log P was used for the qualitative analysis of urinary aromatic acids, i.e. for the identification of metabolites in urine from the differences of log P in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.23,24... 

Renal Effects. Urinary parameters (blood urea nitrogen, pH, osmolality, voliune, protein, sugar, and sediment) were normal in female dogs exposed to 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine (10.4 mg/kg/day) throughout a 7-year study in which female dogs were exposed to 10.4 mg/kg/day 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine. At necropsy, no histological effects to the kidneys were reported in any of the dogs (Stula et al. 1978). 

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