INDEX literature sources

CAS sometimes finds it necessary to register substances without full knowledge of their structures. Examples are trivially named natural products and trade name materials. This may lead to unintentional duplication in the registry system since the actual material may be indexed at another CA index name based on information from another literature source. Similar problems may arise when more than one structure is reported for the same chemical substance. When it is recognised that duplication has occurred and that a substance has been assigned two registry numbers, one of the numbers is retained as the preferred number, to which the other one is cross-referred. 

This would involve searching the files of abstracts for information relative to his subject (using the available codes, indexes, and machines), following up on pertinent references by locating the original material in the files and library, and supplementing these references by a search of other secondary literature sources. 

When searching for a drug the U.S. Adopted Name is the first choice, but since 1998 it is also possible to search using CAS registry numbers. Note that it is only possible to search on the fields of brand names. Enzyme Commission Numbers and lab codes if they are given in the original literature source. The indexers at BioSciences Information Service will not add them to the database. 

The fabrication cost of a drying unit besides its size depends also on the material of construction it is the lowest for carbon steel. If the process requires a more chemical-resistant material, a cladding may be applied in some cases. In certain drying operations, optimum design of the equipment as well as product-quality requirements calls for the use of not only more durable but also more expensive materials. In general, drying equipment built of 304-stainless steel typically costs from 1.5 to 1.7 times more than that made of carbon steel and 2-3 times more if built of titanium. The cost depends also on the auxiliary equipment, and this is a reason for some uncertainty in cost prediction from literature sources without vendors data. Figure 65.3 presents, as an example, the purchase cost for several dryers in relation to their capacity that is updated to the year 2000 with the M S Index equal to 1089. 

The Colour Index (1971) identifies two white bismuth compounds used as pigments Cl 77163/Pigment White 14, which is listed as bismuth chloride oxide q.v , BiClO), and Cl 77169/ Pigment White 17, which is described as basic bismuth nitrate (see entry for bismuth nitrate for possible compounds). A further possibility from literature sources (see below) is an oxide this may probably be discounted, however (see Bismuth oxides and hydroxides group). 

Some literature sources go so far that according to them all subwavelength antireflection reliefs with a gradient of effective refractive index are called moth-eye structures (e.g., [193]), including 2D pyramidal and nanopillar arrays. 

This is a revision of No. 4 in the series, and reviews indexes, abstracts and literature sources of all kinds. 

A complete system for managing in-house and literature sources of metabolic information. The system includes a database containing key information about xenobiotic transformations of compounds from literature sources a novel access application that indexes path and scheme information and a registration system that allows scientists to... 

A number of sources of such data are available in the open literature. Unfortunately, the data to be used are often old, sometimes from a variety of sources, with different ages. Such data can be brought up to date and put on a common basis using cost indexes ... 

Several sources (References 19. 20, 21, and 22) are available for estimating pumps and drivers to check in-house coiTelations or to fill in w here data is not available. Care must be exercised in using construction cost indexes to update the literature data. It would be w ise to calibrate the indexes and literature data by getting vendor prices on a few of the larger, more expensive pumps, and 5% or 10% of the common types of pumps in the project being estimated. 

To help the reader select the appropriate data resource, an index precedes Sections 4.3 through 4.8. The index provides the source number within the section and the following set of data elements for each source title, industry, number and type of records, and data boundary. Appendix C contains additional information about the data elements presented in each data resource. It can also be used to help identify the resources which may provide data for a CPQRA. A discussion of the Appendix C Matrix and an explanation of data elements indexed is presented. After examining Appendix C and the pattern of data elements contained in the data resources, it is evident that equipment reliability data have been published in a variety of formats, often without any apparent effort to conform to a recognized standard for data specification. The CCPS Taxonomy and the raw data collection requirements in Chapter 6 present the basis for reliability data specification in future literature. 

No references to the original literature are given in the text. This is because the introduction of such references would have considerably increased the size and therefore the price of the book. However, a discussion on the literature of analytical chemistry is given in the Appendix. With the aid of the various volumes mentioned therein — which should be available in all libraries of analytical chemistry — and the Collective Indexes of Chemical Abstracts or of British Chemical Abstracts, little difficulty will, in general, be experienced in finding the original sources of most of the determinations described in the book. 

Journal articles and patents contain virtually all of the original work in organic chemistry. However, if this were all, if there were no indexes, abstracts, review articles, and other secondary sources, the literature would be unusable because it is so vast that no one could hope to find anything in particular. Fortunately, the secondary sources are excellent. There are various kinds and the categories tend to merge. Our classification is somewhat arbitrary. 

Fig. 1. Oxygen abundances as a function of the activity index, Rx, derived from X-ray data (left-hand panels) and the excitation temperature Texc (right-hand panels). The bottom panels show the difference between [O/Fe] yielded by the OI triplet at about 7774 A and the [OI] A6300 line. Filled circles RS CVn binaries ([2] and [3]), filled squares field subgiants [3], filled triangles Pleiades stars, open triangles Hyades stars, open circles, squares and hexagons disk dwarfs. The source of the literature data for the open cluster and Galactic disk stars can be found in [4].

Widespread medicinal use of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) has prompted extensive studies of bismuth compounds involving the citrate anion. Bismuth citrate is essentially insoluble in water, but a dramatic increase in solubility with increasing pH has been exploited as a bio-ready source of soluble bismuth, a material referred to as CBS. Formulation of these solutions is complicated by the variability of the bismuth anion stoichiometry, the presence of potassium and/ or ammonium cations, the susceptibility of bismuth to oxygenation to Bi=0, and the incorporation of water in isolated solids. Consequently, a variety of formulas are classified in the literature as CBS. Solids isolated from various, often ill-defined combinations of bismuth citrate, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide have been assigned formulas on the basis of elemental analysis data or by determination of water and ammonia content, but are of low significance in the absence of complementary data other than thermal analysis (163), infrared spectroscopy (163), or NMR spectroscopy (164). In this context, the Merck index lists the chemical formula of CBS as KgfNHJaBieOafOHMCeHsCbh in the 11th edition (165), but in the most recent edition provides a less precise name, tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (166). 

Andon (2003) compared five different CCM formulations covering a threefold range of Ca citrate malate molar ratios from 154 previous studies in humans. Intrinsically labeled tablets or juices comprising 250 mg Ca as CCM were tested in adolescents and groups of women 20 to 30-years and 40 to 77-years old. A comparison of mean values for age groups, molar ratios, and vehicles revealed no differences. Comparison with reported values in the literature, after adjustment to equalize Ca doses and indexing versus a standard (i.e., milk = 100), revealed Ca absorption from CCM consistently exceeded absorption from other sources including milk, various dairy products, fortified foods, and Ca supplements. 

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