Bismuth nitrate

Bismuth nitrate, Bi(N203)3 5H2O—0.25N 40 g per liter, using 1 5 HNO3 in place of water. 

Sodium bismuthate (oxidation of manganese) heat 20 parts of NaOH nearly to redness in an iron or nickel crucible, and add slowly 10 parts of basic bismuth nitrate which has been previously dried. Add 2 parts of sodium peroxide, and pour the brownish-yellow fused mass on an iron plate to cool. When cold break up in a mortar, extract with water, and collect on an asbestos filter. 

Bismuth vanadate can be produced by chemical precipitation, as weU as by high temperature calciaation methods. In the wet process, the acidic solution of bismuth nitrate, Bi(N02)3, is mixed with the alkaline solution of sodium vanadate, Na VO. The gel formed is filtered off on a filter, pressed, washed, and converted to a crystalline form by calciaation at low temperatures of 200—500°C for 1 h (37,38). 

Bismuth subcarbonate [5892-10 ] (basic bismuth carbonate) is a white or pale yellow powder that is prepared by interaction of bismuth nitrate and a water-soluble carbonate. The exact composition of this dmg depends on the conditions of precipitation it corresponds approximately to the formula (Bi0)2C02. It has been widely used as an antacid (183). 

Bismuth subnitrate [1304-85-4] (basic bismuth nitrate) can be prepared by the partial hydrolysis of the normal nitrate with boiling water. It has been used as an antacid and in combination with iodoform as a wound dressing (183). Taken internally, the subnitrate may cause fatal nitrite poisoning because of the reduction of the nitrate ion by intestinal bacteria. 

Bismuth subgaHate [12552-60-2] (basic bismuth gaHate), Dermatol, is a bright yellow powder that can be prepared by the interaction of bismuth nitrate and gaUic acid in an acetic acid medium. It has been employed as a dusting powder in some skin disorders and as an ingredient of suppositories for the treatment of hemorrhoids (183,185). It has been taken orally for many years by colostomy patients in order to control fecal odors, but the dmg may cause serious neurological problems (186). 

Procedure. The cold bismuth nitrate solution, containing 0.1-0.15 g of Bi (Note 1), must be slightly acid with nitric acid (Note 2), and occupy a volume of about 20 mL. Add finely powdered solid potassium iodide, slowly and with stirring, until the supernatant liquid above the black precipitate of bismuth tri-iodide is just coloured yellow (due to K[BiI4]). Dilute to 200mL with boiling water, and boil for a few minutes. The black tri-iodide is converted into... 

Notes. (1) A suitable solution for practice can be obtained by dissolving about 0.15 g of pure bismuth, accurately weighed, in the minimum volume of 1 4 nitric add. Alternatively, a corresponding amount of bismuth nitrate may be used. 

A total charge of 4.5 kC is passed through an electrolytic- cell. Determine the quantity of substance produced in each case (a) the mass (in grams) of bismuth metal from a bismuth nitrate solution (b) the volume (in liters at 273 K and 1.00 atm) of hydrogen gas from a sulfuric acid solution ... 

Bl-MoOg was prepared by the method of Vedrlne et al O). Bl CMoO ) and Bl-FeMo 0.- were prepared by copreclpltatlon of bismuth nitrate, ferrlc nltrate and ammonium molybdate. After drying, the catalysts... 

The Dragendorjf reagent is available in different compositions, and it mainly stains nitrogen-containing compounds, producing colored zones on a white background. For solntion a 1.7 g of basic bismuth nitrate and 20 g of tartaric acid are dissolved in 80 ml of water. For solution b 16 g of potassium iodide are dissolved in 40 ml of water. The final spray reagent is mixed from solution a and b in the... 

The carbonyl group can be deprotected by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis by the general mechanism for acetal hydrolysis (see Part A, Section 7.1). A number of Lewis acids have also been used to remove acetal protective groups. Hydrolysis is promoted by LiBF4 in acetonitrile.249 Bismuth triflate promotes hydrolysis of dimethoxy, diethoxy, and dioxolane acetals.250 The dimethyl and diethyl acetals are cleaved by 0.1-1.0 mol % of catalyst in aqueous THF at room temperature, whereas dioxolanes require reflux. Bismuth nitrate also catalyzes acetal hydrolysis.251... 

We could not find any study of Bi(III) ions in aqueous solutions except that Wang et al. [132] obtained nanorods of bismuth sulphide by sonicating an aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate and sodium thiosulphate in the presence of complexing agents such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, triethanolamine and sodium tarta-rate. Similar results were found when thioacetamide was used in place of sodium thiosulphate as a source of sulfur. However, the results improved with higher yield... 

In order to estimate% conversion, precipitate was filtered, washed with C2H5OH and dried at 60°C before weighed. Different amounts of bismuth precipitated in solutions of bismuth nitrate, Bi(N03)3, of the concentration 0.071-0.111 M between the pH range 0.9-0.5 respectively, were estimated gravimetrically and given in the Table 9.16. These Bi3+ solutions were sonicated above autohy-drolytic concentration and pH. Hydrolysis began in the form of precipitate due to the formation of BiO(N03). At lower concentration [0.071 M of Bi(N03)3], precipitation started immediately upon sonication, whereas, the time for the appearance of turbidity increased as the concentration increased to 0.111 M. This was perhaps because of the availability of more water molecules for interaction with Bi3+ ions in dilute solutions. Ultrasonically induced hydrolysis was therefore... 

Bi2S3, Bi2Se3. Bismuth nitrate complexed with triethanolamine or EDTA and thioacetamide, with the addition of hydrazine hydrate, have been... 

Bismuth nitrate together with sodium sulphide and tellurium oxide have been used to grow bismuth chalcogenide films.162-166 The stoichiometric ratio 2 3 has been confirmed by XPS, EDX, and XRD.162-166 The Bi2Te3 films were rough and consisted of particles with a diameter of 30-100nm, and electron probe microanalysis showed a worm-like network structure.164-166... 

A comparative study was carried out of ashing and atomization techniques in the GFAAS method for direct determination of Pb in bovine liver45. Bismuth nitrate was proposed as matrix modifier for ETAAS determination of Pb in animal tissues LOD 0.9 pg/L46. 

Crown ether complexes of bismuth nitrate were prepared by reacting Bi(N03)3 5H20 in 3 1 MeCN MeOH with a stoichiometric amount of the crown ether (101). Bi(N03)3(12-croum-4) has bismuth in a 10-coordinate Cs 4A,6B-expanded dodecahedral geometry 31, in which all four ether oxygen atoms are bound to the bismuth center... 

Mixtures of bismuth nitrate or hydroxide with common hydroxycar-boxylic acids (gallic, H4gal tartaric, H4tar lactic, H2lac malic, H3mal ... 

Thiolation is restricted by more effective nitrogen donors or steric limitations. The bis(aminothiolate) complexes are obtained from bismuth nitrate or chloride and the hydrogen chloride adduct of the thiol and essentially independent of stoichiometry. The nitrogen-bismuth interactions in these complexes [e.g., Bi(SCH2CH2NH2)2(N03)(H20) 54,... 

Willis 93) extracted lead directly from 200 ml of urine with APDC into 1.5 ml of methyl-n-amyl ketone. He was able to determine as little as 0.02 ppm of lead. Kopito and Shwachman 141>, on the other hand, co-precipitate the lead from urine with bismuth nitrate by adding ammonia. The precipitated bismuth hydroxide is dissolved in acid and this solution is aspirated. Coprecipitation of the lead is not quantitative, and so standards should be prepared in the same manner. It should be possible to employ this procedure with protein free filtrates of blood without the necessity of close pH control. 

Basic nitrate is usually found as an impurity in bismuth salts (e.g., bismuth subcarbonate), very often due to the mode of preparation from the metal via bismuth nitrate. 

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