Ca:citrate:malate molar ratios

Andon (2003) compared five different CCM formulations covering a threefold range of Ca citrate malate molar ratios from 154 previous studies in humans. Intrinsically labeled tablets or juices comprising 250 mg Ca as CCM were tested in adolescents and groups of women 20 to 30-years and 40 to 77-years old. A comparison of mean values for age groups, molar ratios, and vehicles revealed no differences. Comparison with reported values in the literature, after adjustment to equalize Ca doses and indexing versus a standard (i.e., milk = 100), revealed Ca absorption from CCM consistently exceeded absorption from other sources including milk, various dairy products, fortified foods, and Ca supplements. 

On the balance of the available evidence from human and animal studies presented in this chapter, it appears that CCM is well absorbed across a wide range of compositions and circumstances. For example, studies using isotopic and pharmacokinetic methods have shown that CCM is highly absorbable by both children and adults, in both tablet and beverage form, when consumed at levels ranging from an acute dose to chronic consumption (i.e., 200 mg Ca to 700 mg Ca/day, respectively), and for compositions covering a broad range of Ca citrate malate molar ratios that bracket the 6 2 3 neutral salt (i.e., molar ratios from 5 1 1 to 1.0 1.8 1.5 or the equivalent 6 10.8 9). 

Expt. 1—CaCOs tablets versus Ca citrate malate (CCM) tablets intrinsically labeled CCM molar ratio 6 2 3... 

Assessed the impact of molar ratio (MR) on CaAbs in 5 different Ca citrate malate (CCM) compositions comprising a drreefold range in MR (data from 154 previous studies). 

The neutral 6 2 3 molar ratio CCM salt is comprised of 23.7% elemental Ca on a dry weight basis. Various states of hydration of the CCM powder will of course yield slightly lower Ca contents and the preparation of an octa-hydrate form of CCM powder (6 2 3 molar ratio) that comprises 20.73% Ca by weight has been described previously (Fox et ah, 1993b). CCM compositions with a higher proportion of citrate and/or malate moieties (e.g., 4 2 3 molar ratio) will contain a proportionally lower Ca content. Table 6.3 lists the Ca content of various Ca salts. 

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