Bismuth white

Bismuth chloride (BP + 3C1 — BiCl ) reacts with water to produce what is known as bismuth white pigment. 

Synonyms bismuth sub nitrate basic bismuth nitrate bismuthyl nitrate bismuth white... 

Bismuth was used by Amies in white papers in 1820 and papers watermarked Law or Legal. The low natural abundance of bismuth indicates that bismuth was added deliberately by the papermaker as bismuth white, a poisonous pigment. 

Spanish white. (1) Chalk, CaC03. (2) Bismuth white, BiO(NOj), basic bismuth white. 

Bismuth Subnitrate. Bismuth hydroxide nitrate oxide bismuth nitrate, basic bismuth oxynitrate bismuth sub-nitricum bismuthyl nitrate bismuth white magistery of bismuth novismuth paint white Spanish white. A basic salt, the compn of which varies with the conditions of prepa ration. Contains 70 to 74% Bi Or 79 to 82% Bi2Oj. Prepd by partial hydrolysis of Bi(NOj)3 Gmelin s, Bismuth (8th ed.) 19, pp 132-135 (1927) Traits Pharm, Chim, vol. 1, P. Le-beau, M. M. Janot, Eds. (Masson, Paris, 1956) p 371 Hand-iiucft der Pharmazie, vol, 4[Pg.198]

Bismuth group Bismuth oxides aud lydroxides group Bismuth white Bristow (1996b) Rutley (1988) 273 Tiiigiy (1830)... 

The chloride was also sold as blanc de Perle or pearl white when it was prepared by precipitation of aqneous bismutii nitrate with hydrochloric acid and blanc cTEspagm, where aqueous bismuth nitrate was mixed with brine Colour Index, 1971). Other terms apparently associated with this compound are flake white and bismuth white (qq.v.). The Colour Index identifies two white bismuth compounds used as pigments Cl 77163/Pigment White 14, which is listed as bismuth chloride oxide (BiClO), and Cl 77169/Pigment White 17, which is described as basic bismuth nitrate . 

Bismoclite Bismuth white Blanc d Espagne Flake white Spanish white Colour Index (1971) 77163, 77169 MacIntyre (1992)... 

Bismuth nitrate is identified in several sources as a form of bismuth white (. v.) (Harley, 1982 Colour Index, 1971). However, the aqueous chemistry of bismuth (Bp ) in the presence of the nitrate ion gives rise to a range of compoimds from acid solutions, for example, it is possible to form Bi(N03)3.5H20, while treatment of Bi203 with HNO3 gives basic salts such as Bi0(N03) and Bi202(0H)(N03) (Cotton et al, 1999). 

Bristow (1996b), citing an editor of Tingry (1830), links bismuth oxide to bismuth white. It seems highly unlikely that any of the above compounds were actually used or known as this, however. 

Bismuth group Bismuth vanadate Bismuth -white Bismuth yellow Bristow (1996b) Buxbaum (1998) 113 Cotton e/a/. (1999)401 Gmelin (mi) Merck Index (1996) 1314 Salter (1869) 116 Tingry (1830)... 

References in the historical literature to bismuth white were found by Harley (1982), Bristow (1996b) and Carlyle (2001). According to Harley, bismuth white was the nitrate (not differentiating the form) Bristow, citing an editor of Tingry, considers it to be an oxide. Harley, Bristow and Carlyle also all essentially concluded that while reference to Bismuth white occurs in the literature, it was rarely or unlikely to have been prepared commercially for artistic purposes and appears to have been used mainly as a cosmetic. Heaton (1928) lists bismuth white as a pigment that is obsolete or of little importance it was, according to him, bismuth oxychloride. 

Bismuth white Bougival white Mame Spanish white Colour Index (1971) Watin (1773/edition of 1785) 20... 

The preparation of a magistery from hoth bismuth and pearls is interesting since there was a synorymy between magistery of bismuth, bismuth white and pearl white (qq.v) in the nineteenth century, possibly suggesting a common derivation of terminology. See bismuth white. 

Bismnth nitrates group Bismuth white Pearl white Merck Index (1996) 1326 OED (2002) Magistery ... 

See bismuth white, bismuth chloride oxide, bismuth nitrates group, magistery of bismuth and shell white. 

Bismuth nitrates group Caicium carbonates group Bismuth chloride oxide Bismuth white Magistery of bismuth Mother-of-pearl Shell white Dossie (1764) 1-137 Field (1835) 70 Heaton (1928) 383 Salter (1869) 78-79... 

Calcite Calcium carbonate, calcite type Chalk Bismuth -white-, Blanc d Espagne Lead white Paris white Satin white Dossie (1764) 1-137 Harley (1982) 165,173 Heaton(1928) Riffault eta/. (1874) 54 Terry (1893) 246 Tingiy (1804) 286-287... 

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