Immune cells response

There are two main types of immune response cell mediated and humoral. Cell-mediated immunity involves specifically sensitized thymus-dependent lymphocytes. Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) from lymphocytes or plasma cells. The mechanisms will be discussed in more detail below. 

Hugin, A.W., Flexner, C. and Moss, B. (1993) Clearance of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing IL-2 role of host immune response. Cell. Immunol, 153, 499-509. 

Dempsey PW, Vaidya SA, Cheng G. The art of war innate and adaptive immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 60 2604-2621. 

Hematopoietic cytokines comprise one of the largest groups of extracellular regulatory molecules and are key mediators of a diverse spectrum of physiological functions that include induction of immune responses, cell proliferation, and differentiation (Gosman, 1993 Cosman et al, 1990 Kishimoto et al, 1994 Nicola and Hilton, 1998 Taga and Kishimoto,... 

In the cellular immune response, cells called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (also commonly called killer T cells) kill cells that display foreign motifs on their surfaces. Another class of T cells called helper T lymphocytes contributes to both the humoral and the cellular immune responses by stimulating the differentiation and proliferation of appropriate B cells and cytotoxic T cells. The celluar immune response is mediated by specific receptors that are expressed on the surfaces of the T cells. 

Critical to the development of the immune response is the selection process, which determines which cells will reproduce. The process comprises several stages. In the early stages of the development of an immune response, cells expressing molecules that bind tightly to self-molecules are destroyed or silenced, whereas cells expressing molecules... 

Gordon S (2002) Pattern recognition receptors Doubling up for tlie innate immune response. Cell 111 927—930. 

Paul, W.E. (1989). Pletotropy and redundancy T cell-derived lymphokines in the immune response. Cell 57, 521. 

TCDD has the potential to modulate several biological processes that impact growth, immune response, cell cycle regulation and differentiation, and fish are among the most sensitive vertebrates to its developmental toxic effects . ... 

Proteins also serve as chemical signals in the body. At the level of organ systems, proteins regulate immune responses, cell growth cycles, hormone responses, and many other functions. Blood proteins are involved in coagulation and dissolution of blood clots. Several hormones are short proteins, or polypeptides. Many polypep-... 

Harris J, Werling D (2003) Binding and entry of respiratory syncytial virus into host cells and initiation of the innate immune response. Cell Microbiol 5 671-680... 

Sha WC, Liou HC, Tuomanen El et al. Targeted disruption of the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B leads to multifocal defects in immune responses. Cell 1995 80(2) 321-330. 

Shearer GM, Rhen TG, Garbarino CA (1975) Cell mediated lympholysis of trinitrophenyl modified autologous lymphocytes. Effector cell specificity to modified cell surface components controlled by the H-2K and H-2D serological regions of the murine major histocompatibility complex. J Exp Med 141 1348-1364 Shortman K, Palmer J (1971) The requirement for macrophages in the in vitro immune response. Cell Immunol 2 399-410... 

The role of NFkB has been reviewed in ref. 205. NFkB is a key regulator of inflammation, immune responses, cell survival, and cell proliferation inhibition of the NFkB pathway in macrophages leads to more severe atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficient mice, possibly by affecting the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance that controls the development of atherosclerosis (reduced production of LPS-stimulated TNF, and reduction in IL-10) (206). 

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