The Cell-mediated immune response

Acne is a common disease affecting almost 100% of youngsters [i, 2]. Acne settles in the vast majority by 20-25 years of age but 1% of males and 5% of females exhibit acne lesions at 40 years of age [3]. Scarring occurs early in the course of acne and may affect, to some degree, 95% of patients from both sexes [4]. Differences in the cell-mediated immune response are involved in the personal tendency to develop post-acne scarring [5]. 

Antigens, however, can induce a second type of response which is known as the cell-mediated immune response. The antigenic agent stimulates the appearance of sensitized lymphocytes in the body which confer protection against organisms that have the ability to live and replicate inside the cells of the host. Certain of these lymphocytes are also involved in the rejection of tissue grafts. 

Vorderstrasse, B., Cundiff, J., and Lawrence, B.P., Developmental exposure to the potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin impairs the cell-mediated immune response to infection with influenza A virus, but enhances elements of innate immunity, J. Immunotoxicol., 1, 103, 2004. 

The ability of dietary consumption of foods containing LAB to modulate immune responses has been thoroughly studied in animal models. Dietary consumption of LAB and Bifidobacteria strains have been shown to enhance protection against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Physiological responses have been shown to correspond with the cell-mediated immune responses that have the Thl cell bias. 

If a host cell is infected by a bacterium or virus, or becomes cancerous, it may display the non-self-antigen on its surface within a class I MHC molecule. Regardless of which type of MHC molecule it is displayed on, it will initiate the cell-mediated immune response. 

Fig. 14.1 Primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The primary lymphoid organs are the tissues where the lymphocytes develop from haematopoietic stem cells. The encounter with antigen, the immune response, occurs in the peripheral, secondary lymphoid organs. T cells are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response and B cells for the antigen-stimulated synthesis and secretion of circulating antibodies.

Another consideration in species selection is the cell-mediated immune response. However, this area is less well considered or understood at present and should be considered carefully, case by case (see Section 19.2.5). 

Although supplementation with to-3 fatty acids did not significantly alter the humoral immune response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in geriatric beagles (Wander et al., 1997), it significantly suppressed the cell-mediated immune response based on results of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test. After consumption of the 1.4 1 diet, stimulated mononuclear cells produced 52% less PGE2 than those from dogs fed the 31 1 diet. 

Other relationships between fatty acids and cytokines and stress have been found. Recently, Zimmer et al. (2000) found that a chronic n-3-PUF A-deficient diet induced a marked decrease in dopamine vesicle density in the rat frontal cortex. This is an interesting finding because dopamine modifies the cell-mediated immune-response and mediates stress responses in mice (Inglis and, Konstandi, et al., 2000 Moghaddam, 1999 Nizoguchi, et al., 2000 Wu, et al., 1999). 

Further studies on the cell-mediated immune response have determined that mainly a subset of lymphocytes (i.e.,... 

Further studies on the cell-mediated immune response have determined that only a subset of lymphocytes, those known as helper T cells (CD4+ T cells), respond to beryllium by a proliferative response [23]. This proliferative response can be blocked with antibodies to class II molecules. 

There are two general types of immune responses to foreign antigens the cell-mediated immune response (type 1 or Thl) and the antibody-mediated... 

These data indicate that garlic and AGE can modulate not only the cell-mediated immune response but also the humoral immune response through the stimulation of a variety of immuno-responder cells. 

Gately, C. L., Muul, L. M., Greenwood, M. A., Papazoglou, S., Dick, S. J., Komblith, P. L., Smith, B. H., and Gately, M. K. (1984). In vitro studies on the cell-mediated immune response to human brain tumors. 11. Leukocyte-induced coats of glycosaminoglycan increase the resistance of glioma cells to cellular immune attack. Journal of Immunology 133, 3387-3395. 

Sieling PA, Sakimura L, Uyemura K, et al. IL-7 in the cell-mediated immune response to a human pathogen. J Immunol 1995 154 2775-2783. 

Miller SD, Zarkower A. Effects of carbon dust inhalation on the cell mediated immune response in mice. Infect Immun 1974 9 534-539. 

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