Immune responses regulation

Pello OM, Martinez-Munoz L, Parrillas V, Serrano A, Rodiiguez-Frade JM, Toro MJ, Lucas P, Monterrubio M, Martinez A, MeUado M (2008) Ligand stabilization of CXCR4/delta-opioid receptor heterodimers reveals a mechanism for immune response regulation. Eur J Immunol... 

The Th-1 /Th-2 paradigma forms a core mechanism regulating the nature of an immune response. More recently, this concept was further developed by identifying Th-subsets with predominantly suppressing properties, T-regulatory cells (Treg). These cells also play a major role in keeping those cells at rest, which have escaped central tolerance (peripheral self tolerance). 

Originally described in the immune system, NFAT proteins comprise a family of transcriptional factors that play key roles in many cellular processes that control not only immune responses but also the development, regulation, and differentiation of many other tissues. Activation of NFAT proteins results in the expression of specific sets of genes that regulate multiple cell functions [1,2]. 

NF-kB regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses ( immune defense) [2]. Understanding the function of NF-kB in the development, maintenance, and activation of cells from the immune system (including hematopoietic cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B and T lymphocytes) has greatly benefited from the analysis of knockout mice in which individual NF-kB family members were defective. 

The glucocorticoids influence or regulate functions such as the immune response system, the regulation of glucose, fat and protein metabolism, and control of the anti-inflammatory response. Table 50-1 describes the activity of the glucocorticoids within the body. 

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