Identification of risk

Identification of Risk Susceptible Flood Areas was performed in the Phase I study using information from a plant visit and from NUREG-1150 and the IPE. 

Regardless of the initiating process or processes leading to the development of hypertension, the ultimate goal is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and minimize target organ damage. This clearly requires the early identification of risk factors and treatment of patients with hypertension. 

Risk may be perceived differently across societal groups, and how consumers cope with perceived risk will depend on their risk attitude. Before a person is able to respond to risk, risk must first be perceived (Trimpop, 1994). Stone et al. (1994) modeled the identification of risks as a cognitive process of identification, storage, and retrieval. The level of risk that a food-related behavior provides depends on the consumer s risk perception (Sparks et al., 1995). 

There are several different kinds of laboratory safety data that require interpretation. These include routine screening for study subject selection, diagnostic evaluation of the subject, identification of risk factors, monitoring the progress of the disease or treatment, detection of adverse reactions, determination of appropriate dosages for certain at-risk subject groups (e.g. those with renal impairment). 

Identification of Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy... 

Retrospective identification of risk from waterborne infectious disease is a relatively simpler task compared with carcinogenic risks. Many acute effects can be identified with proper population surveillance, related to probable origin, and quantified. Assessments of microbial risks from theoretical projections would be extremely complex. They... 

In the case of biological contamination, the identification of risk became obvious by experience, the risk assessment was made unambiguous by epidemiology, and the immediate and obvious effectiveness of the risk management decisions demonstrated their wisdom in the absence of elegant quantitative risk extrapolation models and projections of costs per case averted. Costs of water treatment and distribution became trivial relative to almost all other essential commodities, and in the public expectation the biological safety of drinking water became axiomatic. 

Identification of risk levels and margins of safety in comparisons with other commonly encountered chemicals do not finally solve the problem whether a particular chemical risk constitutes a socially acceptable risk. This must finally be determined in the social institutions mentioned earlier at the various political jurisdictions. Whether a risk will be socially acceptable depends not only on the level of risk, which we have dealt with here, but on the nature of the risk, on who assumes the risk, who receives the benefit, and one s personal philosophy of accepting any risk versus zero risk. 

Kofflard MJ, Ten Cate FJ, van der Lee C, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a large community-based population clinical outcome and identification of risk factors for sudden cardiac death and clinical deterioration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003 41 987-993. 

Henry, C., Sorbara, F., Lacoste, J., Gindre, C., Leboyer, M. (2001). Antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients Identification of risk factors. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 249—255. 

Oliveira SA, Li YJ, Noureddine MA, Zuchner S, Qin X, Pericak-Vance MA, Vance JM (2005) Identification of risk and age-at-onset genes on chromosome Ip in Parkinson disease. Am J Hum Genet 77 252-264. 

Packer M. Identification of risk factors predisposing to the development of functional renal insufficiency during treatment with converting-enzyme inhibitors in chronic heart failure. Cardiology 1989 76(Suppl 2) 50-5. 

Genetic markers for malignant hyperpyrexia may soon make identification of risk groups simpler than the currently used muscle biopsy technique (75). 

Abstract. In the past, many remedies implemented at contaminated sites have failed to achieve site remedial action objectives either because not all of the objectives were defined prior to selecting the remedy, or a remedy was selected that was not capable of achieving the site objectives. In order to ensure the selection of effective remedies, this report outline a process for i) the identification of risk-based and non-risk remedial action objectives and ii) the evaluation of potential technologies to identify an acceptable remedy that will achieve all of the site remedial action objectives. By providing for the separation of risk-based and non-risk remedial action objectives, the remedy selection process allows the user to both i) identify a range of remedies that are capable of protecting human health and ecological resources and ii) understand the additional constraints imposed by the non-risk objectives. 

An effective conceptual site model is essential for the identification of risk-based and non-risk remedial action objectives. The conceptual model should identify source areas complete, potentially complete, and incomplete exposure pathways and receptors. In addition, the conceptual model should identify contaminants, affected environmental media, and specific areas within the affected environmental media to be addressed by the selected remedial action. Although a conceptual model should be developed prior to initiation of the risk-based remedy selection process, the conceptual model should be updated as needed during the remedy selection process to reflect any changes in the understanding of the site. ASTM (2003), Standard Guide for Developing Conceptual Site Models for Contaminated Sites, provides guidance for the development of an effective conceptual model. 

Type 2 diabetes causes oxidative stress, and the beneh-cial effects of antioxidants have been proposed. CVD, which accounts for more deaths globally than any other cause of death, is 2 to 4 times higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects. The identification of risk factors that can explain the excess risk for CVD in diabetic patients may improve understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of Athsc and allow the development of new preventive or therapeutic measures. 

As shown above, defining a set of evaluation criteria provides a consistent consideration of risk or identification of risks that are candidates for additional risk mitigation. It also enables comparison of risk mitigation options and identification of those options that provide the best level of risk reduction for the capital investment... 

The enterprise assesses requirements and constraints from requirements analysis, subfunction arrangements resulting from functional decomposition, allocation of subfimctions to functional elements, design decisions made during synthesis, and design elements of the design architecture to identify the risk factors to successful completion of the project. These evaluations should be made from an entire life cycle perspective. Identification of risk should be in a form to imderstand... 

The data that is collected is not sufficiently detailed in order to allow identification of risk influencing factors. The circinnstances ofthe testing are not collected, however some information on testing frequencies has from time to time been available. This has indicated that that the fraction of failures and test intervals are strongly correlated, as would be expected according to theory. 

The standard has both general and detailed requirements. General requirements include documentation of the system safety approach, identification of hazards, risk assessment, identification of risk mitigation measures, reduction of risk to an acceptable level, verification of risk reduction, review of hazards and acceptance of residual risk, and tracking of hazards and residual risk. When a government contract specifies MIL-STD-882D and no other requirement, only the general requirements apply. 

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