Pathophysiological mechanisms

Characterize the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 

The pathophysiologic mechanisms of portal hypertension and of cirrhosis itself are entwined with the mechanisms of ascites (Fig. 19-3). Cirrhotic changes and the subsequent decrease in synthetic function lead to a decrease in production of albumin (hypoalbuminemia). Albumin is the major intravascular protein involved in maintaining oncotic pressure in the vascular system low serum albumin levels and increased capillary permeability allow fluid to leak from the vascular space into body tissues. This can result in peripheral edema, ascites, and fluid in the pulmonary system. The obstruction of hepatic sinusoids and... 

There are typically three categories of ARF prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal ARF. The pathophysiologic mechanisms differ for each of the categories. 

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are calcineurin inhibitors that are administered as part of immunosuppressive regimens in kidney, liver, heart, lung, and bone marrow transplant recipients. In addition, they are used in autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. The pathophysiologic mechanism for ARF is renal vascular vasoconstriction.41 It often occurs within the first 6 to 12 months of treatment, and can be reversible with dose reduction or drug discontinuation. Risk factors include high dose, elevated trough blood concentrations, increased age, and concomitant therapy with other nephrotoxic drugs.41 Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are extensively metabolized by... 

The pathophysiologic mechanisms of TTH are not clearly understood. The pain is thought to originate in the myofascial tissues of the head, but central brain processing is believed to be an important modulator of pain perception.14... 

Explain the pathophysiologic mechanisms that are thought to underlie schizophrenia. 

Explain the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder. 

Explain the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the symptoms and signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia. 

Compare and contrast the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for open-angle glaucoma and acute angle-closure glaucoma. 

Discuss the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of the lymphomas and how they relate to presenting symptoms of the disease. 

Cowen, P. J., Serotonin and Depression Pathophysiological Mechanism or Marketing Myth , Trends Pharmacol Sci, no. 9 (2008)... 

Graziano JH Columbia University Health Sciences, New York, NY Aim to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) whereby Pb exposure induces anemia National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences... 

Main pathophysiological mechanisms of iron loading that may result in an infectious risk 1.1 Increased gastrointestinal absorption of iron I.2a Parenteral administration of iron I.2b Increased release of iron in the blood stream (haemolysis) 1.3 Increased inhalation of iron II Chronic inflammation III Diabetic ketoacidosis increased... 

Zambon A, Hokanson JE, Brown BG, Brunzell JD. Evidence for a new pathophysiological mechanism for coronary artery disease regression hepatic lipase-mediated changes in LDL density. Circulation 1999 99 1959-1964. 

Shock results in failure of the circulatory system to deliver sufficient oxygen (02) to body tissues despite normal or reduced 02 consumption. General pathophysiologic mechanisms of different forms of shock are similar except for initiating events. 

The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms that cause BPH are not clear. However, both intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and type II 5a-reductase are thought to be involved. 

CVD is a generic denomination mainly integrated by coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Although not considered as a form of CVD in some instances, venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) shares with the other forms of CVD the territorial assignment, the vascular tree, although clear differences exist in the main pathophysiological mechanisms. In most CVD forms, however, thrombus formation plays a crucial role. 

One of the key intentions of genomic researches is to discover and functionally illnstrate the protein constituents of the hnman orgatusm, thus providing a valuable basis for therapeutic intervention into pathophysiological mechanisms, currently... 

As dopamine deficiency of the nigrostriatal tract, resulting in an overactivity of cholinergic interneurons, is considered to be the fundamental pathophysiological mechanism for Parkinson s disease two approaches for pharmacological intervention seem rational. 

Viral arthritis is rather common and usually selflimited within a few weeks. The most common pathophysiological mechanism is not a direct virus invasion in the synovium but deposition of immune complexes. Viral infections frequently involve multiple joints and produce inflammation without suppuration. The typical clinical presentation is a peripheral and symmetrical polyarthritis, undistin-guishable from other inflammatory arthritis. Virtually all viruses can cause arthritis. There is no specific treatment and simple symptomatic measures are sufficient. 

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