Hyaluronidases

Enzymes Degrading Macromolecules. Enzymes that degrade macromolecules such as membrane polysaccharides, stmctural and functional proteins, or nucleic acids, have all shown oncolytic activity. Treatment strategies include the treatment of inoperable tumors with pepsin (1) antitumor activity of carboxypeptidase (44) cytotoxicity of ribonudease (45—47) oncolytic activity of neuraminidase (48—52) therapy with neuraminidase of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (53) antitumor activity of proteases (54) and hyaluronidase treatment in the management of human soHd tumors (55). 

Mucopolysaccharide levels are increased in many cancer cells this increase is accompanied by a decreased vascular supply. Hyaluronidase [9001-54-17, obtained from bovine testis, dissolves the mucopolysaccharides surrounding a tumor, thereby allowing cytotoxic agents to penetrate the neoplasm with enhanced faciUty. In clinical studies hyaluronidase was given to patients with malignant tumors, alone or in combination with 5- uorouracil [51-21-8], significant decreases in tumormass were observed (55). 

Dermatan sulfate (condroitin sulfate B from pig skin) [54328-33-5 (Na salt)]. Purified by digestion with papain and hyaluronidase, and fractionation using aqueous EtOH. [Gifonelli and Roden Biochem Prep 12 1 1968.]... 

The second type of material includes spores, which may or may not produce disease symptoms but which can germinate in the insect gut and give rise to vegetative bacterial cells which in turn may produce, and exoenzymes such as phospholipases (lecithinases) or hyaluronidase. The phospholipases may produce direct toxic symptoms owing to their action on nervous or other phospholipid-containing tissue. Hyaluronidase breaks down hyaluronic acid and produces effects on animal tissue which are morphologically similar to the breakdown of insect gut wall in the presence of microbial insecticide preparations. 

Heat-labile soluble toxin Exoenzymes (phospholipases, hyaluronidase) Vegetative bacterial cells... 

A number of allergens from both honey bee and vespid venoms have been cloned and expressed by either Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells (table 1) phospholipase Aj [20], hyaluronidase [21], acid phosphatase [13] and Api m6 [14] from honey bee venom, as well as antigen 5 [22], phospholipase A and hyaluronidase [23] from vespid venom, and dipeptidylpeptidases from both bee and Vespula venoms [15, 16]. Their reactivity with human-specific IgE antibodies to the respective allergens has been documented [11-16, 22, 23] and their specificity is superior... 

Collagenases and hyaluronidases are produced by most of the aggressive invaders. These are able to dissolve eollagen fibres and hyaluronie aeids which function as intracellular cements. Their loss causes the tissues to breakup and produce oedematous lesions. 

Hyaluronidase and streptokinase are produced by the haemolytic streptococci and enable the organism to spread rapidly through the tissue. Hyaluronidase dissolves hyaluronic acid (intercellular cement), whereas streptokinase (Chapter 25) dissolves blood clots. 

Aqueous solutions of some drugs are so unstable that chemical stabilization is impossible. In this case the dmg itself, not its aqueous solution, is sterilized by dry heat (160°C for 2 hours or its equivalent at higher temperatures) in its final container and dissolved immediately before use by the addition of sterile water (Water for Injechons BP). For dmgs which are both thermolabile and unstable in aqueous solution, a sterile soluhon of the dmg is freeze-dried in the final container and is reconstimted as above just before use (e.g. many anhbiotics, Hyaluronidase BP). 

The PL-catechin conjugate showed greatly amplified concentration-dependent inhibition activity against bacterial collagenase (ChC) on the basis of the catechin unit, which is considered to be due to effective multivalent interaction between ChC and the catechin unit in the conjugate. The kinetic study suggests that this conjugate is a mixed-type inhibitor for ChC. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid and is often involved in a number... 

Vinca alkaloids Hot packs Hyaluronidase Inject 1-6 mL of 150 units/mL concentration (150-900 units) through IV line or SQ if removed may repeat every 3-4 hours if needed Dilute with normal saline. 

Fhclitaxel Cold packs Hyaluronidase As above Hot packs paradoxically shown to worsen lesions in some case reports. 

Hyaluronidase is the antidote of choice for vinca alkaloid and high-concentration epipodophyllotoxin extravasations. Hyaluronidase breaks down hyaluronic acid, which functions as tissue cement. This promotes absorption of the extravasated drug away from the local site. Hyaluronidase also may be used for paclitaxel extravasations, but there are conflicting reports regarding its efficacy.39 Hyaluronidase should not be used with anthracycline extravasations because enhancement of local spread may occur. 

The action of spreading factors, e. g., hyaluronidases on hyaluronic acid both in vivo and in vitro is often quite dramatic, and the effect in vitro appears to go in three stages (a) a separation of the protein residue ... 

Hyaluronic Add Sulfate.—Meyer and Chaffee108 showed that this mucopolysaccharide of the cornea was a true derivative of hyaluronic acid, since it could be hydrolyzed enzymically by what is now known as hyaluronidase. ... 

Treatment 1.150 units hyaluronidase reconstituted in 1-3 cc sterile saline... 

D 0> D n ra Treatment 1. treat for large volume extravasations 2.150 units hyaluronidase reconstituted in 1-3 cc sterile saline ... 

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