Testis hyaluronidase

Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Cat. No. 310-4287AG Ca -free, Cat. No. 310-4190AG) and Earle s balanced salt solution (EBSS, Cat. No. 310-4010AG) are obtained from Gibco. Fetal calf serum (ECS) is from Hyclone (Cat. No. A-III-L). Bovine testis hyaluronidase (Cat. No. H-3884), trypsin (Cat. No. T-8642), cytocha-lasin B (Cat. No. C-6762), and mannitol (Cat. No. M4125) are from Sigma. 

Because of the great and continuing biological interest in the acid carbohydrates of connective tissue, there has been an intensive effort to locahze by histochemical methods the various carbohydrates that have been characterized by the chemical studies of Meyer and others (see Chapter XII). Although it is not yet settled completely whether hyaluronic acid is stainable by any of the customary methods, most workers have assumed it to be metachromatic with toluidine blue. Hyaluronidases (see Chapter XII) from various sources have been used (50), Much of the earlier work was done with impure preparations and needs verification. Bull-testis hyaluronidase can be obtained in concentrated form and has been most often used. As bull-testis hyaluronidase depolymerizes both hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfates of types A and C, metachromasia that is abolished by this enzyme has been considered due to one of these (114)-As the optimal conditions for the histochemical application of bull-testis hyaluronidase have not been systematically explored, technical directions vary greatly and need to be standardized. 

Exposure to X-rays decreases the viscosity of human joint fluid without increasing the titratable acidity (indicating that the effect is not a result of oxidative degradation) or reducing its susceptibility to bull testis hyaluronidase (426). Because of the wide distribution of hyaluronic acid in the body, this effect was suggested as an important factor in the response of many tissues to X-ray therapy. 

Degradation with testis hyaluronidase produced the disaccharide Vb in a very low yield, and a tetrasaccharide resulted as main product of the reaction (yield 90%). When bacterial hyaluronidase acted upon the polysaccharide, the final product of hydrolysis was an unsaturated disaccharide IX, the structure of which was established by degradation. From the location of the double bond at positions 4 and 5 of the uronic moiety, it was inferred that the glucosaminyl residue was linked at position 4. 

Mucopolysaccharide levels are increased in many cancer cells this increase is accompanied by a decreased vascular supply. Hyaluronidase [9001-54-17, obtained from bovine testis, dissolves the mucopolysaccharides surrounding a tumor, thereby allowing cytotoxic agents to penetrate the neoplasm with enhanced faciUty. In clinical studies hyaluronidase was given to patients with malignant tumors, alone or in combination with 5- uorouracil [51-21-8], significant decreases in tumormass were observed (55). 

Furuya, T. et al., Biochemical characterization of glycyrrhizin as an effective inhibitor for hyaluronidases from bovine testis, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 20, 973, 1997. 

Enhanced spreading of injectables hyaluronidase animal testis —... 

A polysaccharide composed of glucosamine, a hexuronic acid, acetic and sulfuric acid units in equimolar ratio was isolated from bovine cornea by Meyer and Chaffee (266). By rotation and by enzymatic analysis with hyaluronidase obtained from pneumococcus and from testis, they characterized the compound s a sulfuric acid ester of hyaluronic acid. 

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