Of hyaluronidase

Britton RC, Habif DV. Clinical uses of hyaluronidase. Surgery 1953 33 917-942. 

Chlorogenic and caffeic acids inhibit the activation of hyaluronidase, which is known as one of the enzymes involved in allergic effects [79], migration of cancer cells [80], inflammation [81, 82], and increased permeability of the vascular system. The superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of chlorogenic acids correlates linearly to the hyaluronidase-inhibitory activity. (3-Hexosaminidase release from rat basophilic leukemia cells induced by antigen has been inhibited by chlorogenic and caffeic acids. These compounds do not inhibit 13-hexosaminidase activity itself. 

Lokeshwar, V. B., Lokeshwar, B. L., Pham, H. T., and Block, N. L. Association of elevated levels of hyaluronidase, a matrix-degrading enzyme, with prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res. 56 651—657, 1996. 

This type of hyaluronidase randomly hydrolyzes die I,4-liukagw between the jV-acetyl p-D-glucosaroinc and the D-glucuronate residues in hyaluromn. The enzyme is subdivided according to its source. 

Boiler et al. [11] demonstrated the presence of hyaluronidase activity in various mammalian tissues. They showed foot this type of hyaluronidase differed from... 

Testicular hyaluronidase is extracted from testicular tissue or semen. The crude material is homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant is subjected to direct precipitation with (NHjJiSOi rjjji nr tn Krtigntinn with HittjQ X and h niiw. followed by precipitation with ethanol [51] or (NBO2SO4 [52], Harrison, however reported a simple extraction of hyaluronidase from ram semen after... 

Several studies have shown that hyaluronidase is iidiibited by ft1, Fe Cu +, Ag+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ salts [26,51,58,77,78]. Substrate analogs like chondroitin sulfate tit desulfeted chondroitin sulfate B, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparitin sulfate, and heparin were shown to be competitive inhibitors of hyaluronidase [14,54]. 

Flavonoids are well known as inhibitors of hyaluronidase. Li 1950 Rodney et al, reported the effect of several flavonoids on hyaluronidase using in vitro and in vivo methods [79], Knppusamy et al. investigated the structure-activity relationship of die flavonoids as inhibitors of testicular hyaluronidase [80] and hyaluronidase from snake, scorpion, and bee venom [81]. They showed that flavones. flavanols. and chalcones possess the general ability to inhibit hyaluronidase Kinetic investigations showed that these compounds acted as competitive inhibitors [80]. Several hyaluronidase inhibitors were shown to be able to delay the action of snake venom when injected into mice [8ll One caimnt rule out the possible interaction of the flavonoids with other components of the venom, as the inhibitory effects of flavonoids are not specific to hyaluronidase... 

As hyaluronidase plays an important role in fertilization, several investigations dealt with the possible use of hyaluronidase inhibitors as contraceptive... 

De Oliveira et al. explained the effects of hyaluronidase in terms of a reduction of the water content of the ischemic myocardium [107]. Hyaluronidase would reduce the edema during the acute phase following coronary occlusion and thereby reduce the injury. Intramyocardial edema occurs after the occlusion of coronary arteries, resulting in an increased water content of the myocardial tissues. Hyaluronidase produces a faster diffusion of fluids and thereby reduces edema in the damaged area. To examine the effects of hvaluronidase on in fere-... 

As described above, cancer cells produce or induce other cells to produce hyalurooan. This halo of hyaluronan protects the cells against macrophages or leukocytes and shields them from cytostatics. Several studies have dealt with the addition of hyaluronidase to chemotherapy in order to degrade the hyaluronan coaling and to render the cells more accessible to the cytostatic drugs. 

Subcutaneous injection of hyaluronidase (150 U/mL) may decrease the morbidity associated with intravenous extravasation injuries [126],... 

Intramuscular injection of hyaluronidase (150 U) decreases and softens hematoma at an angiographic puncture site [127],... 

Brain abscess formation was studied experimentally in rats, and treatment with different combinations of hyaluronidase, dexamethasone, and antibiotic has been investigated [128]. Hie results showed (hat combined theraov with antibiotic and hyaluronidase. started the dav before inocula-... 

In this chapter we describe some methods used to determine the kinetics of the action of hyaluronidase. Thble 2 presents a survey of the Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) of the action of hyaluronidase on hyaluronan and chondiootin sulfate obtained using different methods. These assays usually make use of hyaluronan as a substrate for hyaluionidase. Various sources of hyalmonan are employed, but these arbitrates have different physicochemical properties (molecular weight intrinsic viscosity). Payan el al [130] investigated the action of Streptmnyces hyahnonidase on hyaluronan from several sources. 

An international standard for hyaluionidase was accepted in 1957 by the World Health Organization (WHO) [131]. This was of gnat historical value, since hyaluronidase is one of the fust biological international standard reference preparations ever made. The International Unit (IU) was and is still defined as the activity of 0.1 mg of the International Standard Preparation. It is recommended that the standard be employed for the assay of hyaluronidase from testicular origin (RC.3.2.1.35). According to the WHO, the standard should be valid for all methods of comparison, including turbidimetric and visco si metric assays. The first international WHO standard 1955 hyaluionidase is still available in tablet form with an activity of approximately 200 IU per tablet... 

C. H. Puli, R. Yuen, M. C. M. Chung, and H. Khoo. Purification and partial characterization of hyaluronidase from stonetish Synanceja korrida) venom. Comp. Biachan. Physiol 70/0 159 (1992). 

B. R. Sting, R. Schaufbu, and H. Blohel. Isolation and characterization of hyaluronidase... 

H. Kakegawa, H, Matsumoto, and T. Satoh. Inhibitory effects of some natural products on ihe activation of hyaluronidase and ihdr antiallergic actions, Cheat. Pham. BulL 4ft 1439 (1992). 

C. L. Joyce, S. R. Mack, R. A. Anderson, and L. J. D. Zaneveld. Effect of hyaluronidase, -glucuronidase and P-N-acctylglucosaminidase inhibitors on sperm penetration of the mouse oocyte. BioL Reprtrd. Jt5 336 (1986). 

M. de uiiveira, R. Carbaiio, and H. A. Zimmetman. intravenous injection of hyaluronidase in acute myocardial infarction preliminary report of clinical and experimental obsmvatinns. Am- Heart J. 57 712(1959). 

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