Testicular hyaluronidase

Oligosaccharides ranging from two to six repeating units were prepared by testicular hyaluronidase digestion of hyaluronate, and isolated by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. Experiments were carried out to determine the minimum chain length of hyaluronate to which core molecules would bind. When core molecules were mixed... 

Lysosomal hyaluronidase possesses transglycosylation properties using octo-saccharides as a substrate, rather than hexasaccharides like testicular hyaluronidase [14, lti]. 

Testicular hyaluronidase is extracted from testicular tissue or semen. The crude material is homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant is subjected to direct precipitation with (NHjJiSOi rjjji nr tn Krtigntinn with HittjQ X and h niiw. followed by precipitation with ethanol [51] or (NBO2SO4 [52], Harrison, however reported a simple extraction of hyaluronidase from ram semen after... 

Flavonoids are well known as inhibitors of hyaluronidase. Li 1950 Rodney et al, reported the effect of several flavonoids on hyaluronidase using in vitro and in vivo methods [79], Knppusamy et al. investigated the structure-activity relationship of die flavonoids as inhibitors of testicular hyaluronidase [80] and hyaluronidase from snake, scorpion, and bee venom [81]. They showed that flavones. flavanols. and chalcones possess the general ability to inhibit hyaluronidase Kinetic investigations showed that these compounds acted as competitive inhibitors [80]. Several hyaluronidase inhibitors were shown to be able to delay the action of snake venom when injected into mice [8ll One caimnt rule out the possible interaction of the flavonoids with other components of the venom, as the inhibitory effects of flavonoids are not specific to hyaluronidase... 

An international standard for hyaluionidase was accepted in 1957 by the World Health Organization (WHO) [131]. This was of gnat historical value, since hyaluronidase is one of the fust biological international standard reference preparations ever made. The International Unit (IU) was and is still defined as the activity of 0.1 mg of the International Standard Preparation. It is recommended that the standard be employed for the assay of hyaluronidase from testicular origin (RC.3.2.1.35). According to the WHO, the standard should be valid for all methods of comparison, including turbidimetric and visco si metric assays. The first international WHO standard 1955 hyaluionidase is still available in tablet form with an activity of approximately 200 IU per tablet... 

This technique is a histochemical procedure to evaluate die hyahuonidase activity of spermatozoa. Using this technique, Waibel el al. evaluated the inhibition of mouse testicular hyaluronidase by sodium aurothiomalate [147]. Hirayama et al. 

L. Fraosson and L Roddn. Structure of dermatan sulphate I. Degradation by testicular hyaluronidase. J. Bid Chem. 242 4161 (1967). 

P. Hoffman, K- Meyer, and A. Linker. TtansglyrosylaticH] during the mixed digestion of hyaluronic add and chondroitbi sulfate by testicular hyaluronidase. J. Bid Chan. 2/9 653 (1956). 

G. S. Gupta and E. Goldberg. Isolation, properties, immunological specificity and localization of mouse testicular hyaluronidase. Blochim. Blaphys. Acta 57 364 (1981). 

M. Lyon and C. F. Phelps. A rapid purification of bovine testicular hyaluronidase by chromatography on dermatan sulphate-substituted 1,6-dlaminohexane-Scpharose 4B. 

P. Gacesa, M, J, Savitsky, K. S- Dodson, and A. H OUvescn. Modification of fimctional arginine residua in purified bonne testicular hyaluronidase with butane-23-uionc. Siachim. Siophys, Ada 66i 2G3 (i So i). 

Wolf, R.A. et al., Heparin inhibits bovine testicular hyaluronidase activity in myocardium of dogs with coronary artery occlusion, Am. J. Card., 53, 941, 1984. 

Kushwah, A., Amma, M.K., and Sareen, K.N., Effect of some anti-inflammatory agents on lysosomal and testicular hyaluronidases, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 16, 222, 1978. 

Larnier, C. et al., Effect of testicular hyaluronidase on hyaluronate synthesis by human skin fibroblasts in culture, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1014, 145, 1989. 

Okorukwu, O.N. and Vercruysse, K.P., Effects of ascorbic acid and analogs on the activity of testicular hyaluronidase and hyaluronan lyase on hyaluronan, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 18, 377, 2003. 

On the other hand, using hyaluronidase (HAase) to synthesize HA has also been reported (111, 112). HA oligomers of up to 22 sugar units were synthesized by enzymatic reconstruction of HA chains using the transglycosylation reaction of Bovine Testicular HAase (111). 

The enzymatic polymerization to provide synthetic Ch and its derivatives catalyzed by hyaluronidase has been reported by Kobayashi et al. (113). Synthetic oxazoline monomers were recognized and catalyzed by ovine testicular HAase (OTH) to produce Ch and the polymerization behaviors greatly depend on the reaction conditions. The Mn value of synthetic Ch reached 4600, which corresponds to that of naturally occurring Ch. 

Saitoh H, Takagaki K, Majima M, Nakamura T, Matsuki A, Kasai M, Narita H, Endo M. Enzymic reconstruction of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharide chains using the transglycosyla-tion reaction of bovine testicular hyaluronidase. J. Biol. Chem. 1995 270 3741-3747. 

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