Herpes simplex virus , effect

Chin LW, Cheng YW, Lin SS, Lai YY, Lin LY, Chou MY, et al. Anti-Herpes simplex virus effects of berberine from Coptidis rhizome, a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine, Ching-Wei-San. Arch Virol 2010 155(12) 1933-41. 

A rather distantly related analogue incorporating a 3-di-carbonyl moiety as a bioisosteric replacement for a carboxyl, aril done (55), blocks the uncoating of polio virus and herpes simplex virus type I and thus inhibits infection of cells and l.he early stages of virus replication. Thus effective therapy would require careful timing as it does with amantidine. 

SAR studies were carried out by de Bruyne et al. [92] on a series of dimeric procyanidins, considered as model compounds for antiviral therapies. On the whole, proanthocyanidins containing EC dimers exhibited more pronounced activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), while the presence of ortho-trihydroxyl groups in the B-ring appeared to be essential in all proanthocyanidins exhibiting anti-HSV effects. Galloylation and polymerization reinforced the antiviral activities markedly. 

Alkoxyalkanoate esters have been used as prodrugs to improve the oral bioavailability of antiviral agents such as (+)-cyclaradine (carbocyclic arabino-furanosyl adenine) [41]. (+)-Cyclaradine has been shown to be effective against herpes simplex virus in tissue culture at noncytotoxic concentrations. Two prodrugs of (+)-cyclaradine, namely, (+)-cyclaradine-5 -methoxyacetate (CM) and (+)-cyclaradine-5,-ethoxypropionate (CE) (Fig. 2), may be promising candidates... 

Wonnacott, K.M. and Bonneau, R.H., The effects of stress on memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated protection against herpes simplex virus infection at mucosal sites, Brain Behav. Immun., 16, 104, 2002. 

In vivo studies showed that in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from marijuana smokers is suppressed, especially with heavy marijuana smoking, and that the relative proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations was also altered. Concentrations of serum IgG are decreased and IgE concentrations are increased in marijuana smokers. Furthermore, phagocytic and bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages from heavy marijuana smokers are decreased. These effects translate into reduced host resistance following administration of cannabinoids, including THC, in both humans and animals (Table 30.2). Increased susceptibility has been demonstrated to opportunistic microbes including HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Friend leukemia virus Listeria, Treponema pallidum, and Legionella. 

Cabral, G.A. et al., Effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on herpes simplex virus type 2 vaginal infection in the guinea pig, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 182, 181, 1986. 

Despite the protective effect of NO against various viral infections, workers in several studies have shown a harmful role of NO in many systems. NO seems to play a part in the development of pneumonia caused by influenza virus [128], in the pathogenesis in mice of tick-borne encephalitis flavivirus infection [131], and in worsening the course of the murine myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3 [132]. In addition, pneumonia in mice induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 could be suppressed by the inhibitor of iNOS [133]. The issue of whether NO acts as an inhibitor of viral replication or as a harmful agent, therefore, remains unanswered. This issue is particularly evident in HIV-1 infection, since NO seems to act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of HIV-1. 

Herpes simplex vaccine, 25 498-499 Herpes simplex viruses, 3 136 Herpesviruses, 3 136 Herpes zoster vaccine, 25 496-497 Herschel-Bulkley model, 21 705 Herschel effect, 19 204 Herz compounds, 23 643... 

Efficacy In other conditions The clinical efficacy in the treatment of stromal keratitis and uveitis caused by herpes simplex or ophthalmic infections caused by vaccinia virus and adenovirus, or in the prophylaxis of herpes simplex virus keratoconjunctivitis and epithelial keratitis has not been established by well-controlled clinical trials. Not effective against bacterial, fungal, or chlamydial infections of the cornea or trophic lesions. 

Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside, ara-A) is phos-phorylated in the cell to the triphosphate derivative which blocks DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA polymerase. It is indicated for infections with herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster however its use has to a large extend been surpassed by aciclovir. It is administered topically or intravenously. It is inactivated rapidly by adenosine deaminase which for systemic use necessitates constant infusion of the drug. Vidarabine is the least toxic of the purine analogues. Nausea and vomiting are the most frequent adverse effects and neurotoxicity may occur. 

Foscarnet is an inorganic pyrophosphate analogue which causes selective inhibition of viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. Topical foscarnet cream has appeared to be a safe and effective treatment for aciclovir-unresponsive mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in AIDS patients. 

Sapp. Effect of tar condensate from smoking tobacco and water-extract of snuff on the oral mucosa of mice with latent herpes simplex virus. Arch Oral Biol 1987 32(1) 47-53. 

Niukian, and G. Shklar. Combined effect of herpes simplex virus and tobacco on the histopathologic changes in lips of mice. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985 59(2) 154-158. 

Aoki, H., T. Akaike, K. Abe, et al. Antiviral effect of oryzacystatin, a proteinase inhibitor in rice, against Herpes Simplex Virus Type I in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995 39(4) 846-849. 

Mechanism of Action A synthetic nucleoside that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. Therapeutic Effect Suppresses replication of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. 

Mechanism of Action Penciclovir triphosphate inhibits HSV polymerase competitively with deoxyguanosine triphosphate. Consequently, herpes viral DNA synthesis and, therefore, replication are selectively inhibited. Therapeutic Effect An antiviral compound that has inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1)... 

Mechanism of Action Avirustatic antiviral that is converted to acyclovir triphosphate, becoming part of the viral DNA chain. Therapeutic Effect Interferes with DNA synthesis and replication of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. Pharmacokinetics Rapidly absorbed after PO administration. Protein binding 13%-18%. Rapidly converted by hydrolysis to the active compound acyclovir. Widely distributed to tissues and body fluids (including cerebrospinal fluid CSF ). Primarily eliminated in urine. Removed by hemodialysis. Half-life 2.5-3.3 hr (increased in impaired renal function). 

Ho, R.J., R.L. Burke, and T.C. Merigan, Disposition of antigen-presenting liposomes in vivo effect on presentation of herpes simplex virus antigen rgD. Vaccine, 1994.12(3) 235-42. 

Inhibition of glycosylation in virus-infected cells usually has dramatic effects on virus multiplication. This discovery prompted promulgation of a new concept in the experimental therapy of virus-induced diseases. Local treatment of the affected regions with 2-deoxy-D-arabtno-hexose led50n s02 to significant improvements in human-genital herpes infections, or Herpes simplex virus infection of the eye. 

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