Headache calcium

The side effects or toxic effects that the calcium antagonists have in common are hypotension, facial flushing, headache, di22iness, weakness, sedation, skin rash, edema, constipation, and abdominal discomfort (nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pressure). 

Verapamil (Table 1), the first slow channel calcium blocker synthesized to selectively inhibit the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cells, lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients having good organ perfusion particularly with increased renal blood flow. Sustained-release verapamil for once a day dosing is available for the treatment of hypertension. Constipation is a prominent side effect. Headache, dizziness, and edema are frequent and verapamil can sometimes cause AV conduction disturbances and AV block. Verapamil should not be used in combination with -adrenoceptor blockers because of the synergistic negative effects on heart rate and contractile force. 

Diltiazem inhibits calcium influx via voltage-operated channels and therefore decreases intracellular calcium ion. This decreases smooth muscle tone. Diltiazem dilates both large and small arteries and also inhibits a-adrenoceptor activated calcium influx. It differs from verapamil and nifedipine by its use dependence. In order for the blockade to occur, the channels must be in the activated state. Diltiazem has no significant affinity for calmodulin. The side effects are headache, edema, and dizziness. 

Calcium channel Dihydropyridine Pedal edema, headache... 

Calcium-containing antacids—rebound hyperacidity, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia, vomiting, confusion, headache, renal calculi, and neurologic impairment... 

In men, administration of an androgen may result in breast enlargement (gynecomastia), testicular atrophy, inhibition of testicular function, impotence, enlargement of the penis, nausea, jaundice, headache, anxiety, male pattern baldness, acne, and depression. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which include sodium, water, chloride, potassium, calcium, and phosphate retention, may also be seen. 

The calcium channel blockers have been associated with both prolonged pregnancy and decreased neonatal morbidity.36,42 when compared with P-mimetics (e.g., terbutaline) and magnesium, they show better neonatal outcome and a lower incidence of serious maternal side effects.42 Potential minor maternal adverse effects include headache, flushing, dizziness, and transient hypotension.41... 

Letrozole 2.5 mg once daily 15% Headache, nausea, dyspepsia, skin rash 1. No protective effect on bone recommend calcium supplementation. 

Monitoring for major adverse effects should be undertaken they include headache and dizziness with nitrates fatigue and lassitude with /J-blockers and peripheral edema, constipation, and dizziness with calcium channel antagonists. 

Antacids containing calcium carbonate have the greatest neutralising capacity but tend to cause acid rebound with long-term use. Calcium carbonate may also lead to hypercalcaemia and the milk-alkali syndrome, which is characterised by nausea, headache and renal damage. 

Inhalation of appreciable amounts of cresol vapor is unlikely under normal conditions because of the low vapor pressure however, hazardous concentrations may be generated at elevated temperatures. Seven workers exposed to cresol vapor at unspecified concentrations for 1.5-3 years had headaches, which were frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Four of the workers also had elevated blood pressure, signs of impaired kidney function, blood calcium imbalance, and marked tremors. Eight of ten subjects exposed to 1.4 ppm o-cresol vapor experienced upper respiratory tract irritation. ... 

Milk-alkali syndrome Milk-alkali syndrome, an acute illness with symptoms of headache, nausea, irritability, and weakness, or a chronic illness with alkalosis, hypercalcemia and, possibly, renal impairment, has occurred following the concurrent use of high-dose calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. Hypophosphatemia Prolonged use of aluminum-containing antacids may result in hypophosphatemia in normophosphatemic patients if phosphate intake is not adequate. 

Aseptic meningitis syndrome-The incidence of this syndrome was 6%. Fever, headache, meningismus, and photophobia were the most commonly reported symptoms a combination of these 4 symptoms occurred in 5% of patients. Headache - Headache is frequently seen after any of the first few doses and may occur in any of the aforementioned neurologic syndromes or by itself. Seizures - Seizures, some accompanied by loss of consciousness or cardiorespiratory arrest, or death, have occurred independently or in conjunction with any of the neurologic syndromes described below. Patients predisposed to seizures may include those with the following conditions Acute tubular necrosis/uremia fever infection a precipitous fall in serum calcium fluid overload hypertension hypoglycemia, history of seizures and electrolyte imbalances those who are taking a medication concomitantly that may, by itself, cause seizures. 

Magnesium sulfate, applied intravenously is often used as tocolytic. The mechanism of action is not completely clear but might involve a competition with calcium on the cellular level. Precautions in the sense of magnesium plasma level monitoring must be taken in patients with renal insufficiency since this divalent kation is eliminated by the kidneys. Relatively high plasma concentrations are necessary to achieve a sufficient tocolysis. The relatively frequent side effects are respiratory depression, depressed reflexes, headaches, palpitation and skin flushing in the mother and muscle relaxation and, rarely, CNS depression in the fetus. 

Headache is one of the most frequent complaints which mankind suffers from. Most commonly the headache starts from one of the pain sensitive structures of the skull, but diseases originating outside the skull are also important causes of headache. Diseases of the eye, sinuses, jaw, teeth and neck often cause headache, but also visceral tissue may give rise to headache. The headache may be secondary to many diseases, e.g. anaemia and hypertension. Drug induced headache is not uncommon, either as an adverse reaction, e.g. to calcium antagonists and SSRIs, or as part of more complex problems in chronic headache. 

Calcium carbonate Milk-alkali syndrome (headache, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, unusual tiredness)... 

Hypercalcemia is a serious adverse effect of calcium acetate use. Early signs include constipation, headache, dry mouth, increased thirst, irritability, decreased appetite, metallic taste, fatigue, weakness, and depression. Later signs include confusion, somnolence, hypertension, photosensitivity, arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, and increased painful urination. 

Gastrointestinal complaints (eg, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence) are the most common adverse effects but rarely require discontinuation of therapy. Other potential adverse effects include headache and asthenia. Tenofbvir-associated proximal renal tubulopathy causes excessive renal phosphate and calcium losses and 1-hydroxylation defects of vitamin D, and preclinical studies in several animal species have demonstrated bone toxicity (eg, osteomalacia). Monitoring of bone mineral density should be considered with long-term use in those with risk factors for or with known osteoporosis, as well as in children. Reduction of renal function over time, as well as cases of acute renal failure and Fanconi s syndrome, have been reported in patients receiving tenofovir alone or in combination with emtricitabine. For this reason, tenofovir should be used with caution in patients at risk for renal dysfunction. Tenofovir may compete with other drugs that are actively secreted by the kidneys, such as cidofovir, acyclovir, and ganciclovir. 

Peroutko, S. J., Banghart, S. B., Allen, G. S. Relative potency and selectivity of calcium antagonists used in the treatment of migraine, Headache 1984, 24, 55-58. 

The primary problems associated with the calcium channel blockers are related to the peripheral vasodilation produced by these agents. Headache, flushing or... 

Clearly, the dosage of a calcium supplement must be determined by the specific needs of each individual. Excessive doses must also be avoided because they may produce symptoms of hypercalcemia, including constipation, drowsiness, fatigue, and headache. As hypercalcemia becomes more pronounced, confusion, irritability, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, nausea and vomiting, skin rashes, and pain in bones and muscle may occur. Hypercalcemia is a cause for concern because severe cardiac irregularities may prove fatal. 

Symptoms of excess include headaches, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and possible calcium deposits in heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. 

Toxicity Aluminum toxicity can lead to a number of ailments, including colic, rickets, gastrointestinal disturbances, poor calcium metabolism, extreme nervousness, anemia, headache, decreased liver and kidney function, forgetfulness, speech... 

Ducros A, Denier C, Joutel A et al (2001) The clinical spectrum of familial hemiplegic migraine associated with mutations in a neuronal calcium channel. N Engl J Med 345 17-24 Evans RW, Linder SL (2002) Management of basilar migraine. Headache 42 383-384... 

Diphenylalkylamines Verapamil [ver AP a mill] is the only member of this class that is currently approved in the United States. Verapamil is the least selective of any calcium channel blocker, and has significant effects on both cardiac and vascular smooth-muscle cells. It is used to treat angina, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, and migraine headache. 

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS IMATINIB t plasma concentrations of imatinib when is co-administered with dilti-azem, nifedipine or verapamil, t risk of toxicity (e.g. abdominal pain, constipation and dyspnoea) and of neurotoxicity (e.g. taste disturbances, dizziness, headache, paraesthesias and peripheral neuropathy) Due to inhibition of hepatic metabolism of imatinib by the CYP3A4 isoenzymes by diltiazem Monitor for clinical efficacy and for the signs of toxicity listed along with convulsions, confusion and signs of oedema (including pulmonary oedema). Monitor electrolytes and liver function, and for cardiotoxicity... 

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