Hazardous properties, categories

High Risk (Personal) Property property that, because of its potential impact on public health and safety, the environment, national security interests, or proliferation concerns, must be controlled, and dispositioned in other than the routine manner. The categories of high risk property are (1) Especially designed or prepared property, (2) Export controlled property, (3) Proliferation-sensitive property, (4) Nuclear weapon components or weapon-like components, (5) Hazardous property, (6) Automatic data processing equipment, (7) Export controlled information, (8) Radioactive property, (9) Special nuclear material, and (10) Unclassified controlled nuclear information. 

Among the ten categories of high risk personal property, only excess chemicals identified as hazardous property, export controlled property (see definition), and proliferation-sensitive property (see definition) are within the scope of this chapter. 

Flash point ( 0 Initial boiling Category pointed Indication of hazardous properties... 

A list of danger categories is given in Table 14.2. Note that chemicals may possess several hazards, e.g. nitric acid is classed as both an oxidizer and a conosive. If a chemical is not in one of these categories it is not generally considered to be dangerous. If the hazards of a new chemical have not been established it should be labelled Caution - substance not yet fully tested . Mixtures can be classified either from results from tests on the preparation, or by calculation to predict the healtli effects of the product based on the properties of individual components and tlieu concentration in the mixture. Preparations need to be classified for both physico-chemical and health effects but, to date, not for environmental effects. 

Attrition of particulate materials occurs wherever solids are handled and processed. In contrast to the term comminution, which describes the intentional particle degradation, the term attrition condenses all phenomena of unwanted particle degradation which may lead to a lot of different problems. The present chapter focuses on two particular process types where attrition is of special relevance, namely fluidized beds and pneumatic conveying lines. The problems caused by attrition can be divided into two broad categories. On the one hand, there is the generation of fines. In the case of fluidized bed catalytic reactors, this will lead to a loss of valuable catalyst material. Moreover, attrition may cause dust problems like explosion hazards or additional burden on the filtration systems. On the other hand, attrition causes changes in physical properties of the material such as particle size distribution or surface area. This can result in a reduction of product quality or in difficulties with operation of the plant. 

Furthermore, it has been shown that the time period until ignition occurs, in the Cone calorimeter, is proportional to the inverse of the flame spread rate [16]. The Cone calorimeter can also be used to provide the mass loss rate information required for the simplified classification into categories of toxic hazard [1] quick toxic hazard assessment. Thus, the NBS Cone calorimeter is a very useful tool to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with measuring a single property at a time. 

The data required for the risk assessment in relation to human health can be categorized as data on the identity of the substance, its physico-chemical and toxicological properties, and on exposure. The minimum data set required for a risk assessment depends on the chemical use category (industrial chemical, pesticide, biocide, food additive, food contact material, etc.), the regulation involved, and the goal of the risk assessment. This chapter will focus on the data used in the hazard assessment. 

We should keep in mind that the term "pesticide" refers to a chemical use category and not a specific chemical characteristic. It does impart the knowledge that a substance has toxic properties which can be used to advantage. Only with proper chemical characterization of residues found in the body and knowledge of their potential influence on homeostasis will it be possible to dispel popular misconceptions to the effect that pesticide chemicals are handled differently from other chemicals which enter the body or are unique in the hazards they present to the system. 

Management and disposal of the wide variety of hazardous wastes has been aided by the development of waste classification systems. The term waste classification refers to broadly defined waste categories related, for example, to properties of waste materials, potential risks to human health that arise from waste management or disposal, or the source of the waste. Ideally, hazardous wastes in the same class should pose similar risks to human health and, thus, require similar approaches to safe management and disposal. 

What is an OSHA Hazardous Chemical Under HCS, each manufacturer or importer had to determine the hazards of the chemicals it manufactured or imported. These were broken down into many different physical and health hazards. If a substance possessed any of these properties, it was, by definition, a hazardous chemical and therefore had to have an MSDS created for it, listing certain properties and hazards in a loosely specified form. Even if, after testing, it was determined that the chemical did not fall into any of these 23 categories but was listed in certain other references, the standard said that it was also hazardous, by definition. 

Chemicals that present a particular hazard in the laboratory as a result of their physical and reactive properties include the following categories, identified for the pmposes of risk assessment and for product labelling in UK and European Union (EU) health and safety regulations ... 

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