Property Category

Type main properties category thickness, burst strength ion-exchange capacity, IEC gel water content area resistance, rm, at 25°C, 0.5 kmol NaCl/m3 membrane perm-selectivity, iv, at 1.0/0.5 kmol/m3 KC1. 

But the output of the model has to be carefully evaluated according to the law. For instance, some regulations address chemicals according to property categories, such as carcinogenic or not, toxic for aquatic organism, etc. The purpose can be classification and labeling. In other cases, a continuous dose is necessary, e.g., the aquatic toxicity (toward fish, for instance) has to be compared with an exposure value to assess if there will be a toxic effect in fish for the environmental concentration that may occur. This is the case of risk assessment. Thus, we can have... 

One of the major objectives of first-principles calculations has been to be able to study liquids. This was not possible before the advent of Car-Parrinello methods, since the disorder of the liquid could not be averaged properly. In recent years, quite a number of studies of reaction processes and structural properties (categories ii and iii) have been performed, primarily on water and on molten metals. 

FIGURE 2 The required improvements for each desired property for drug discovery and development success rates, assuming that the given property categories and the success rates of those categories are independent of one another. 

The property category will usually provide the information that suggests the most desirable material. A property profile is recommended, where till information, such as yield point, modulus of elasticity, resistance to corrosion, and so on, is tabulated. Those materials that qualify because of their properties will stand out. 

Zhao et al. describe the concepts and mathematical foundations for PARIS II software that designs solvent mixtures based on optimal solvent properties. The solvent property categories include performance requirements and environmental requirements (a VOC index and an environmental impacts index), and are based on general, dynamic, and equilibrium properties. The chapter by Nelson contains... 

The other general solvent property category that is often especially important in electrochemistry is reactivity, including acidity/basicity, nucleophilicity/electrophihcity, redox, polarity, and many other types of reactivities which are limited only by the chemistry one... 

As the performance of the interfaces defines the performance of the system for each of the emerging properties/categories, a system is delivering against safety, RAM and performance, the detailed information about the interfaces, including the stage of the project (system configuration) the interface is active for, is captured in the Objects (assets, procedures and people) and Interfaces Database (OIDB). 

Some of the abovementioned requirements may contradict each other therefore, selection of the material involves an optimization process. The resulting material may not be the best in any of the property categories, but it is the one that best satisfies the optimization criteria (typically the lowest cost per kWh of electricity produced). Table 4-4 summarizes bipolar plate design criteria. 

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