Hazard identification scheme

The health rating is provided on the left at the 9 o clock position and is colored blue. The flammability rating is provided at the top or 12 o clock position and is colored red. The reactivity hazard is provided on the right at the 3 o clock position and is colored yellow. The relative rankings for each hazard are indicated in each quadrant. Special hazard identifiers are provided in the bottom quadrant at the 6 o clock position, which is usually white. Special hazard qualifiers generally include radioactivity, explosives, corrosive, water reactive, oxidizer, etc. The NFPA fire hazard identification scheme is somewhat limited as it only identifies relative potential hazards with the individual material. It does not identify the material itself or all of its potential reactions with other materials. See Figure C.3 for a depiction of this placard. See also Chemical Hazard Label Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS ) NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response. 

FIGURE 26.20 Panel-seam identification scheme. (Adapted from U.S. EPA, Requirements for Hazardous Waste Landfill Design, Construction, and Closure, EPA/625/4-89/022, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, August 1989.)... 

The group has elaborated on their approach and provided a scheme (decision tree) for hazard identification and risk assessment of complex mixtures (Feron et al. 1998, Groten et al. 2001) (Figure 10.6). In this scheme it is suggested that ... 

See also Carcinogen Classification Schemes Dose-Response Relationship Exposure Assessment Exposure Criteria Hazard Identification Risk Assessment, Ecological Risk Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Risk Characterization Risk Communication Risk Management Uncertainty Analysis. 

Scheme for Hazard Identification Based on Functional and "Guilt-by-association"... 

Marking, as that term is used in the DOT hazard information scheme, refers to the application of the descriptive name, instructions, cautions, weight, identification numbers, or specification marks, or any combination thereof, on the outside containers of hazeirdous materials. The purpose of these requirements is to commimicate specific (and, with certain materials, rather extensive) in-... 

The operating staff must properly prepare for maintenance. Operations must ensure that the equipment is free from residual materials, at a safe temperature and pressure. Key steps include hazard identification, proper selection of isolation points, testing for contamination, and securing isolation for the duration of the work. (Some key techniques include proper purging schemes, flammable or toxic substance testing, etc.)... 

The European Union (EU) follows a similar scheme [4], but it combines hazard identification and dose response effect into a unique step called, assessment of effects . 

A number of qualitative hazard identification methods are available to the risk analyst. Some of the more popular ones are discussed here. Further detailed information can be found in CCPS (1992). These methods become more powerful tools if they are coupled with the matrix-based risk-ranking scheme previously described. 

Hazard identification. What range of hazards must be considered in order to be able to compare safety between two different schemes What will we treat as the top-level hazards ... 

Hazard Identification and risk assessment of Isolation scheme Shutdown of the equipment Disconnection (isolation) from energy sources Disconnection (isolation) from toxic or flammable fluid sources Application of lock-out devices Removing or rendering safe any stored energy... 

This chapter of the book presents papers dealing with the identification and mitigation of potential hazards to personnel and facilities, with the development of personnel protection schemes and with the safe siting of facilities. 

It is mentioned that the TTC concept has been incorporated in the risk assessment processes in a number of regulatory schemes as a scientifically sound tool to justify waiving or generation of animal data. It is also stressed that, in contrast to approaches such as read-across or chemical categorization, the use of the TTC is not focused or limited to the identification of potential hazards but also provides a quantitative estimate of potency. 

Chemical fractionation of whole products and by-products from synthetic fuel production affords a logical first step in the evaluation of these materials for biological activity and the subsequent prediction of health hazards. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, along with smaller amounts of heteroatomic species, constitute the bulk of all crude product materials and define a primary class separation need. Subfractionation of these fractions can lead to identification of bioactive components, Aliphatics are separated from the entire sample by a simple liquid chromatographic elution scheme. Aromatic compounds can be isolated by a cyclo-hexane-dimethylsulfoxide solvent partitioning scheme, A Sephadex LH-20 gel separation scheme appears feasible for the fractionation of crude liquids into aliphatic-aromatic, lipophilic-hydrophilic, polymeric, and hydrogen bonding classes of compounds. 

Premises 1 and 2 (above) imply that an inductive generation of all physical and chemical reactions leading to potential releases or generations of uncontainable amounts of energy or mass, or both, per unit time is the essential foundation for the complete identification of all potential hazards. Such task depends entirely on the chemical behavior of the materials/species involved and not on the structure of a processing scheme, or the operating conditions of the associated plant. 

---