Material residual

The University developed a method of determination of the material residual strength, based on measurement of the change of phase velocity of ultrasonic waves, as well as an ultrasonic flaw detector-tomograph with multi-element transducers of the type of phased acoustic array. It enables control of the internal structure of materials and products of up to 300 mm thickness, with the resolution of up to 0.5 mm. In the same university, work on NDT is also carried out in the welding and electro-acoustic departments. 

Material Residual Water (mo.) Material Residual Water (mo.)... 

Thermoformability is a property required by the many sheet materials used in the thermoforming industry. These properties are unique for the specific forming methods used, and are best determined by actual thermoforming tests on smaU-scale equipment. The softening or drape temperature of the material, residual stress in the sheet from its manufacture, and its melt strength and viscosity are important parameters relating to this use. 

Stainless steel develops a passive protective layer (<5-nm thick) of chromium oxide [1118-57-3] which must be maintained or permitted to rebuild after it is removed by product flow or cleaning. The passive layer may be removed by electric current flow across the surface as a result of dissinulat metals being in contact. The creation of an electrolytic cell with subsequent current flow and corrosion has to be avoided in constmction. Corrosion may occur in welds, between dissimilar materials, at points under stress, and in places where the passive layer is removed it may be caused by food material, residues, cleaning solutions, and bmshes on material surfaces (see CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL). 

Casein is the only protein that has achieved commercial significance as a plastics raw material. Many other proteins are readily available in many vegetable material residues which arise from such processes as the extraction of oils and starches from seeds. It would be advantageous to countries possessing such residues if plastics could be successfully exploited commercially. Although plastics materials have been produced they have failed to be of value since they are invariably dark in colour and still have the water susceptibility and long curing times, both of which are severe limitations of casein. 

Also, basic factors such as the transport of materials, residual hardness, ion leakage, soluble iron, colloidal silica and clays, and other contaminants, which can produce scales and deposits in the FW lines and other parts of the pre-boiler section, may also produce similar detrimental effects in the boiler section. In the boiler itself, however, the buildup rate may be quicker and the results may be more devastating. 

Hurwood IS. 1976. Determination of endosulfan and metabolites in biological material. Residue 3 25-29. 

Transfer the residue on to the top of the column packed with 10 g of 5% water containing Horisil PR with the aid of hexane. Rinse the column with 95 mL of hexane and then with 100 niL of acetone-hexane (1 99, v/v). Discard the column washings. Elute hexythiazox with another 150 mL of acetone-hexane (1 99, v/v) in a 300-mL round-bottom Aask and concenAate the eluate to near dryness by rotary evaporation at 40 °C. Prepare the HPLC-ready sample soluAon by dissolving the plant material residue in acetonitrile. 

Bisphenol F (BPF) is a mixture of three isomers 2,2 -, 2,4 -, and 4,4 -dihydroxydiphenylmethane, in the ratio 15%, 50% and 35%, respectively. It has also found application in the manufacture of epoxy resins, but as a fully crosslinked polymer it is rarely used in food-contact materials. Residues of... 

Schoenmakers et al. [72] analyzed two representative commercial rubbers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and detected more than 100 different compounds. The rubbers, mixtures of isobutylene and isoprene, were analyzed after being cryogenically grinded and submitted to two different extraction procedures a Sohxlet extraction with a series of solvents and a static-headspace extraction, which entailed placing the sample in a 20-mL sealed vial in an oven at 110°C for 5,20, or 50 min. Although these are not the conditions to which pharmaceutical products are submitted, the results may give an idea of which compounds could be expected from these materials. Residual monomers, isobutylene in the dimeric or tetrameric form, and compounds derived from the scission of the polymeric chain were found in the extracts. Table 32 presents an overview of the nature of the compounds identified in the headspace and Soxhlet extracts of the polymers. While the liquid-phase extraction was able to extract less volatile compounds, the headspace technique was able to show the presence of compounds with low molecular mass... 

Propane is a good solvent for other hydrocarbons and the plasticizers4 used in elastomers. It is important that the right fuel hoses be used for propane. Hoses made from butyl rubber are not compatible with propane and will swell and leak. Hoses made from nitrile or neoprene should be used and are compatible with LP gas. However, even in hoses made from compatible materials, residues may result from these hoses primarily from two sources grease inside the hose from manufacturing and plasticizers present in the hose that are leached out by the propane upon first contact. (The extent of leach-out can be a function of the... 

One approach to reduce the contaminant levels consists in reusing the wasted plastic as the core of the new material. Residues of pesticides or harmful contaminants may limit recycling of plastics as a result of their potential toxicity. Utilisation of post-consumer plastics for pharmaceutical or food-contact applications is forbidden, and multilayer food packaging materials manufactured using functional barriers are subjected to strict regulations [9, 40, 41]. 

Because nanocomposites are made from different phases with different thermal expansion coefficients and elastic moduli, they inevitably develop residual thermal stress during cooling after sintering. Assuming the dispersion phase is spherical particulate in the matrix material, residual stresses can be developed due to differences in the thermal expansion and elastic constants between the matrix and the particles [23] ... 

A flask was charged with diethyl amine (11 g), 17 ml of water, and 10 ml of toluene, and the temperature lowered to between 0°C and —5°C. This mixture was treated with the Step 2 and Step 3 products followed by the dropwise addition of toluene (40 g). Thereafter the mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 90 minutes. The two layers were separated by the addition of extra water to dissolve the quaternary ammonium salt. Oily materials/residue present in the mixture were dissolved in toluene upon heating to 50°C. The toluene layer was washed three times with 1500 ml of water, once with 50 ml of 10% acetic acid, and additional water until a pH of 7 was obtained. The toluene layer was added into a 250-ml flask and treated with KOH (0.21 g) dissolved in 1 ml of water followed by a 1-ml water rinse. The mixture was refluxed for 2 hours to azeotrope off the water and washed twice with 50 ml of 20% acetic acid and de-ionized water until a pH of 7 was obtained. The toluene solution was washed with lRN-150 for 2 hours to remove toluene, and the product was isolated. 

The freeze-dried product contains the freeze-dried biological material, residuals of the manufacture of the product such as buffer, and any excipient such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol, sodium chloride, or sorbitol that has been added to the product to optimize the freeze-drying process and protect product potency. The types of water present in the freeze-dried product cake may be different for each product depending on the residuals of manufacture and the excipients present the water could be surface water, bound water, or trapped water. 

The distribution of impedance eilong the surface of an electrode greatly complicates the interpretation of the resulting spectra. Such an impedance distribution may result from a variation of surface properties caused, for example, by differences of grain orientation in a polycrystalline material, residual stresses associated with fabrication, or nonuniform distributions of surface films. A distribution of impedance may also be attributed to the current and potential distributions associated with the electrode geometry. 

Because the sulfur contained in crude oil is concentrated in the residue material, residual fuel sulfur levels naturally vary from less than 1 to over 6%. The sulfur level is not a critical factor for the combustion process as long as the flue gases do not impinge on cool surfaces. However, residual fuels may contain large quantities of heavy metals such as nickel and vanadium these produce ash upon burning and can foul the burner systems. Such contaminants are not easily removed and usually lead to lower market prices for fuel oils with high metal contents. 

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