Biosensor glucose

L-B films of polyemeraldine base have been deposited on ITO glass substrates by injecting a solution of 60% CHCI3 in N-methyl phenazine containing 100 pi of GOD. The activity of GOD immobilised in these polyemeraldine base films determined by the o-dianisidine procedure has been found to be 5 lU cm [146]. 

A few reports are available wherein conducting polymers have been incorporated in materials such as graphite [179] and carbon paste [180]. However, these have not yet been commercialised. A glucose biosensor utilising covalently coupled GOD to poly(o-amino benzoic acid) (PAB, a carboxy group functionalised polyaniline) has been described [42]. 

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FIGURE 6-4 Schematic of a first-generation glucose biosensor (based on a probe manufactured by YSI Inc.). 

Zhong X, Yuan R, Chai Y, Liu Y, Dai J, Tang D (2005) Glucose biosensor based on self-assembled gold nanoparticles and double-layer 2d-network (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxy-silane polymer onto gold substrate. Sensor Actuator B 104 191-198... 

Tan, X.C.,Tian, Y.X., Cai, P.X. andZou, X.Y. (2005) Glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase immobilized in sol—gel chitosan/silica hybrid composite film on Prussian blue modified glass carbon electrode. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 381, 500-507. 

Fig. 4.29 Immobilization of glucose oxidase in mesocellular carbon foam for a sensitive and fast glucose biosensor. Adapted from [226], D. Lee et a ., Adv. Mater. 2005, 77, 2828.

A colloidal suspension of conductive vanadium pentoxide [130] can be used to perform intercalation, adsorption or encapsulation of electroactive molecules or biomolecules for electrodes or biosensor realization [131]. Encapsulation of glucose oxidase in nanocomposite films made with polyvinyl alcohol and V205 sol-gel matrix or in ferrocene intercalated V2Os sol-gel [132] were envisaged to prepare glucose biosensors. 

Moreno-Bondi 1990 fiber optic glucose biosensor (via oxygen)... 

Sensors for glucose are most important and have received most attention. The preferred format still is based on the use of glucose oxidase (GOx). Other glucose biosensors using immobilized glucose oxidase132 134 or a pH... 

Trettnak W., Wolfbeis O.S., A fully reversible fibre optic glucose biosensor based on the intrinsic fluorescence of glucose oxidase, Anal. Chim. Acta 1989 221 195. 

Dremel B.A., Schaffar B.P., Schmid R.D., Determination of glucose in wine and fruit juice based on a fiber-optic glucose biosensor and flow-injection analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta 1989 225 293. 

Moreno-Bondi M.C., Wolfbeis O.S., Leiner M.J.P., Schaffar B.P.H., Oxygen optrode for use in a fiber optic glucose biosensor, Anal. Chem. 1990 62 2377. 

Rosenzweig Z., Kopelman R., Analytical properties and sensor size effects of a micrometer-sized optical fiber glucose biosensors, Anal. Chem. 1996 68 1408-1413. 

Jung, S.K., and Wilson, G.S. (1996) Polymeric mercaptosilane-modified platinum electrodes for elimination of interferants in glucose biosensors. Anal Chem. 68(4), 591-596. 

The material is presented in 17 chapters, covering topics such as trends in ion selective electrodes, advances in electrochemical immunosensors, modem glucose biosensors for diabetes management, biosensors based on nanomaterials (e.g. nanotubes or nanocrystals), biosensors for nitric oxide and superoxide, or biosensors for pesticides. 

The goal of this chapter is to examine the history and current status of electrochemical glucose biosensors, and discuss their principles of operation along with future challenges. 

Historical landmarks in the development of electrochemical glucose biosensors... 

FIGURE 3.2 Sequence of events that occur in second-generation (mediator-based) glucose biosensor mediated systems. 

FIGURE 3.5 Design of an implantable three-layered glucose biosensor for subcutaneous monitoring (based on [15]). 

J. Wang, J. Liu, L. Chen, and F. Lu, Highly selective membrane-free, mediator-free glucose biosensor. Anal. Chem. 66, 3600-3603 (1994). 

J.D. Newman and A.P.F. Turner, Home blood glucose biosensors a commercial prospective. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20, 2388-2403 (2005). 

S. Poyard, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, C. Martelet, S. Cosnier, and P. Labbe, Optimization of an inorganic/ bio-organic matrix for the development of new glucose biosensor membranes. Anal. Chim. Acta 364, 165-172 (1998). 

The advanced protocol for enzyme immobilization allowed a glucose biosensor to be produced with good analytical performances. 

The glucose biosensor, except for its highly important practical applications, is considered as a test to demonstrate the achievements in biosensorics. Indeed, having more than 40 years of history, glucose biosensors were categorized according to the majority of the principles available. 

To make the most advantageous glucose biosensor, it is important to combine the best transduction principle with the best immobilization protocol. As mentioned, the most progressive way to couple the oxidase and the electrode reaction is a low potential detection of hydrogen peroxide. Among available H202 transducers, Prussian blue is the most advantageous one. 

Analytical performances of the glucose biosensor in flow-injection mode are as follows. The biosensor allows detection of glucose down to the 0.1 pM level. The... 

FIGURE 13.8 Principal scheme of the Prussian blue-based glucose biosensor. 

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