Diabetes, management

The ADA does not recommend low-carbohydrate diets in diabetes management. Although carbohydrates are a primary contributor to post-meal glucose levels, they are also an important source of energy, water-soluble vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Thus, the ADA recommends that carbohydrate intake consists of 45% to 65% of total calories. 

The material is presented in 17 chapters, covering topics such as trends in ion selective electrodes, advances in electrochemical immunosensors, modem glucose biosensors for diabetes management, biosensors based on nanomaterials (e.g. nanotubes or nanocrystals), biosensors for nitric oxide and superoxide, or biosensors for pesticides. 

Blood glucose levels, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus, because pyra-zinamide administration may make diabetes management difficult... 

For many years, and still, controlling available carbohydrate intake has been a cornerstone of diabetes management. However, in many foods available carbohydrate, measured as carbohydrate available in food analysis, is not quite the same as carbohydrate that is available in the gut in food as normally consumed. Glycemic response depends not only on the amount of potentially available carbohydrate consumed, but also on how rapidly it is digested, absorbed, and disposed of in the body, and that depends on a myriad of factors including food structure and the influence of other food components that vary in importance from food to food. 

The glycemic index was, therefore, introduced as an adjunct to available carbohydrate values in diabetes management, to indicate the glycemic potency of available carbohydrate in foods relative to glucose (Jenkins et al., 1981). In recent years GI has developed its own momentum, helped by vigorous promotion, and despite continued discussion about the value it adds to... 

In an open study of 107 patients with type 2 diabetes using the AERx insulin diabetes management system (n = 54) or subcutaneous insulin (n — 53), the number of people with insulin antibodies increased from 6% to 35% in those who used the AERx insulin diabetes management system (271). The number of patients with antibodies remained stable at about 10% in those who used subcutaneous insulin. There were no obvious clinical consequences. Similar results were found in a study of patients with type 1 diabetes 29% of those who used inhaled insulin compared with 3% of those who used subcutaneous insulin (272). 

Wagner VM, Grabert M, Holl RW. Severe hypoglcycemia, metabolic control and diabetes management in children with type 1 diabetes in the decade after the diabetes control and complications trial - a large scale multicentre study. Eur J Pediatr 2005 164 73-9. 

Kim D, An B, Reinhardt RR. Inhaled insulin using the AERx Insulin Diabetes Management System in healthy and asthmatic subjects. Diabetes Care 2003 26(3) 764-9. 

Hermansen K, Ronnemaa T, Petersen AH, Bellaire S, Adamson U. Intensive therapy with inhaled insulin via the AERx insulin diabetes management system. Diabetes Care 2004 27 162-7. 

An B, Reinhardt RR. Effects of different duration of breath holding after inhalation of insulin using the AERx insulin diabetes management system. Clin Ther 2003 25 2233 14. 

C. B. Cook, J. P. McMichael, R. Lieberman, et al. The intelligent dosing system application for insulin therapy and diabetes management. Diabetes Technol. Then 7 58-71, 2005. 

Sam could determine if his state allows collaborative practice agreements. If so, he could develop a clinical service such as warfarin management, diabetes management, or hypertension management and bill these services using 1,500 billing codes. 

Jaber LA, Halapy H, Fernet M, et al. 1996. Evaluation of a pharmaceutical care model on diabetes management. 

Effect of intensive diabetes management on macrovascular events and risk factors in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. AmJ Cardiol 1995 75 894-903. 

Patel, M (2008) Diabetes management in kidney disease. In Ashley C, Morlidge C (eds) Introduction to Renal Therapeutics. London Pharmaceutical Press, 205-216. 

Cramer, J. A., Okikawa, J., Bellaire, S., and Clauson, R (2004), Compliance with inhaled insulin treatment using the AERx iDMS insulin diabetes management system, Diabetes Technol. Ther., 6, 800-807. 

Routine Follow-up including (as (appropriate) diet, exercise program, y diabetes management... 

American Nurses Association. Advanced practice programs advanced diabetes management exams. http //www.ana.org/ancc/CERTIFY/cert/ exams03.htm ADMP, accessed June 26, 2003. 

Haardt, M.J. Selam, J.L. Slama, G. Bethoux, J.P. Dorange, C. Mace, B. Ramaniche, M.L. Bruzzo, F. A cost-benefit comparison of intensive diabetes management with implantable pumps versus multiple subcutaneous injections in patients with type I diabetes. Diabetes Care 1994,17 (8), 847-851. 

Hermansen, K. Ronnemaa, T. Petersen, A.H. Bellaire, S. Adamson, U. Intensive therapy with inhaled insuhn via the AERx insuhn diabetes management system a 12-week proof-of-concept trial in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27 (1), 162-167. 

Clauson, P.G. Balent, B. Brunner, G.A. Sendlhofer, G. Jendle, J.H. Hatorp, V. Dahl, U.L. Okikawa, J. Pieber, T.R. PK-PD of four different doses of pulmonary insulin delivered with the AERx diabetes management system. In Respiratory Drug Delivery VIP, Dalby, R.N., Byron, P.R., Farr, S.J., Peart, J., Eds. Serentec Press, Inc. Raleigh, NC, 2000 155-161. 

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